熔体温度对注射成型热塑性聚氨酯制件残余应力及外形精度的影响

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000122

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摘要

采用光学双折射法研究注射成型过程中熔体温度对透明热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)弹性体平板制件残余应力的影响规律和作用机理。结果表明，TPU制件在近浇口区域的残余应力大于远浇口区域，整体残余应力随熔体温度上升而下降。通过对平行于熔体流动方向和垂直于熔体流动方向上的制件截面进行双折射测量发现，注射成型TPU制件具有明显的皮-芯结构和零应力层，且随熔体温度升高芯层厚度显著增加。残余应力分析结果表明在制件的芯层以流动残余应力为主，而皮层区域是流动残余应力和热残余应力叠加的结果。此外，制件的翘曲变形与残余应力的分布直接相关，TPU制件尺寸的改变主要是由于流动残余应力释放引起的。

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	相宁
	葛勇
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	颜悦

关键词 ：热塑性聚氨酯, 注射成型, 熔体温度, 残余应力, 尺寸精度

Abstract：

The effects of melt temperature on the residual stress of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)sheets during the injection molding process were studied by birefringence. The results indicate that the residual stress in the near gate area is higher than that in the far gate area and decreases with the increase of the melt temperature. The residual stress of cross section in the two directions is characterized. The injection molded TPU sheets have obvious skin-core structure and zero stress layer. The thickness of core layer increases with the melt temperature rising. The results of residual stress analysis show that the residual stress of core layer is dominated by the flow residual stress, while it is the result of superposition of flow and thermal residual stress in the surface layer. Besides, the warpage deformation is directly related to the distribution of residual stress. The change of the dimensions of the TPU sheets is directly caused by the release of flow residual stress.

Key words： thermoplastic polyurethane injection mold melt temperature residual stress dimensional accuracy

收稿日期: 2020-02-18 出版日期: 2022-03-19

中图分类号:

TQ320.66

通讯作者: 颜悦 E-mail: yue.yan@biam.ac.cn

作者简介: 颜悦(1966—)，男，研究员，博士，研究方向为航空透明材料研究与应用，联系地址：北京市81信箱83分箱(100095)，E-mail: yue.yan@biam.ac.cn

引用本文:

相宁, 葛勇, 张晓雯, 王博伦, 郑梦瑶, 颜悦. 熔体温度对注射成型热塑性聚氨酯制件残余应力及外形精度的影响[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(3): 148-156.
Ning XIANG, Yong GE, Xiaowen ZHANG, Bolun WANG, Mengyao ZHENG, Yue YAN. Influence of melt temperature on residual stress and shape accuracy of injection molded thermoplastic polyurethane part. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(3): 148-156.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000122 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I3/148

Table 1 成型实验中各因素和水平值

Table 2 注射成型实验的基本工艺参数

Fig.1 TPU制件厚度截面双折射测量的样品裁样示意图

Fig.2 尺寸精度测量位置示意图

Fig.3 不同熔体温度下TPU制件的光程差分布图
(a)160 ℃; (b)170 ℃; (c)180 ℃; (d)190 ℃

Fig.4 制件在沿熔体流动方向中心线上的光程差分布曲线

Fig.5 不同熔体温度下注射成型制件的截面光程差分布图
(a)裁样方向平行于熔体流动方向；(b)裁样方向垂直于熔体流动方向

Fig.6 熔体温度为160 ℃时制件微观结构示意图
(a)PF方向；(b)VF方向

Fig.7 不同熔体温度下注射成型制件截面的快轴方向
(a)160 ℃; (b)170 ℃; (c)180 ℃; (d)190 ℃；(1)裁样方向平行于熔体流动方向；(2)裁样方向垂直于熔体流动方向

Fig.8 制件截面在竖直中心线上的光程差分布曲线
(a)对应图 5(a)中的样品；(b)对应图 5(b)中的样品

Fig.9 制件芯层厚度随熔体温度的变化曲线

Fig.10 不同熔体温度下注射成型制件的翘曲变形情况
(a)160 ℃; (b)170 ℃; (c)180 ℃; (d)190 ℃

Table 3 熔体温度对制件尺寸精度的影响

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