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2222材料工程  2022, Vol. 50 Issue (9): 113-119    DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000701
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
碳纤维丝束结构对碳纤维/酚醛复合材料烧蚀性能的影响
孔国强1, 安振河1, 魏化震1,*(), 李莹1, 邵蒙1, 于秋兵1, 纪校君2, 李居影1, 王康1
1 山东非金属材料研究所，济南 250031
2 北京新风航天装备有限公司，北京 100039
Effect of carbon fiber tow structure on ablative properties of carbon fiber/phenolic composites
Guoqiang KONG1, Zhenhe AN1, Huazhen WEI1,*(), Ying LI1, Meng SHAO1, Qiubing YU1, Xiaojun JI2, Juying LI1, Kang WANG1
1 Shandong Institute of Nonmetallic Materials, Jinan 250031, China
2 Beijing Xinfeng Machinery Factory, Beijing 100039, China
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摘要 

以酚醛树脂为基体，以平纹碳布和短切碳纤维两种结构形式的碳纤维为增强剂，制备碳纤维增强的碳/酚醛复合材料。采用氧/乙炔烧蚀实验对复合材料的耐烧蚀性能进行了对比性研究，采用电子拉力试验机对复合材料的弯曲性能进行表征，采用扫描电镜对复合材料烧蚀形面进行观察，并通过固体火箭发动机对复合材料的烧蚀性能进行考核验证。研究结果表明: 以这两种结构形式的碳纤维为增强剂制备的碳/酚醛复合材料，其氧乙炔质量烧蚀率的大小与碳纤维丝束的大小具有正相关的特性，碳纤维丝束越小碳纤维质量烧蚀率越低，当碳纤维增强剂处于单丝状态时，复合材料的氧乙炔质量烧蚀率达到最低为0.046 g/s，并且碳纤维的型号规格对复合材料氧乙炔质量烧蚀率的影响变小。固体火箭发动机实验表明，单丝状态下的碳纤维/酚醛复合材料的抗烧蚀冲刷性能明显优于束状碳纤维/酚醛复合材料。
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孔国强
安振河
魏化震
李莹
邵蒙
于秋兵
纪校君
李居影
王康
关键词 ： 碳纤维丝束,  复合材料,  酚醛树脂,  质量烧蚀率,  线烧蚀率    
Abstract：

Carbon fiber reinforced carbon/phenolic composites were prepared by using phenolic resin as matrix, plain carbon cloth and short carbon fiber as reinforcing agent. The ablation resistance of the composite was studied by oxygen/acetylene ablation test. The bending property of the composite was characterized by electronic tensile testing machine. The ablation surface of the composite was observed by scanning electron microscope. The ablation performance of the composite was verified by solid rocket motor. The results show that the mass ablation rate of oxyacetylene in carbon/phenolic composites prepared with these two structural forms of carbon fibers as reinforcements has a positive correlation with the size of carbon fiber tow. The smaller the carbon fiber tow, the lower the mass ablation rate of carbon fiber. When the carbon fiber reinforcer is in the single filament state, the oxyacetylene mass ablation rate of the composite is the lowest, which is 0.046 g/s, and the influence of carbon fiber type and specification on the mass ablation rate of oxyacetylene becomes smaller. The experimental results of solid rocket motor show that the ablation erosion resistance of carbon fiber/phenolic composites in monofilament state is obviously better than that of bundle carbon fiber/phenolic composites.
Key words： carbon fiber tow    composites    phenolic    quality ablation rate    linear ablation rate
收稿日期: 2021-07-26      出版日期: 2022-09-20
中图分类号:  TQ342+.74  
通讯作者: 魏化震     E-mail: weihz53@sina.com
作者简介: 魏化震(1964—)，男，研究员，博士，中国兵器首席专家, 研究方向为纤维增强树脂基复合材料，联系地址：山东省济南市天桥区田家庄东路3号山东非金属材料研究所(250031), E-mail：weihz53@sina.com
引用本文:   
孔国强, 安振河, 魏化震, 李莹, 邵蒙, 于秋兵, 纪校君, 李居影, 王康. 碳纤维丝束结构对碳纤维/酚醛复合材料烧蚀性能的影响[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(9): 113-119.
Guoqiang KONG, Zhenhe AN, Huazhen WEI, Ying LI, Meng SHAO, Qiubing YU, Xiaojun JI, Juying LI, Kang WANG. Effect of carbon fiber tow structure on ablative properties of carbon fiber/phenolic composites. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(9): 113-119.
链接本文:  
http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000701      或      http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I9/113
Material Specification Manufacturer
HTA 1K carbon fiber plain fabric Area density：120 g/m2 Toho, Japan
HTA 3K carbon fiber plain fabric Area density：200 g/m2 Toho, Japan
T-700 12K carbon fiber plain fabric Area density: 200 g/m2 Toray, Japan
SL-1069 phenolic Solid content：55%；gel time：110 s Shandong institute of nonmetallic materials
S-157 phenolic Solid content：53%；gel time：90 s Shandong institute of nonmetallic materials
Table 1  碳布/酚醛复合材料所用原材料
Material Specification Manufacturer
Chopped T-800H fiber Length: 35 mm; fiber tow: 6K Toray, Japan
Chopped T-800S fiber Length: 35 mm; fiber tow: 6K Toray, Japan
Chopped T-700 fiber Length: 35 mm; fiber tow: 12K Toray, Japan
Chopped monofilament T-800S fiber Length: 35 mm Shandong institute of nonmetallic materials
Chopped monofilament T-700 fiber Length: 35 mm Shandong institute of nonmetallic materials
Table 2  短切碳纤维/酚醛复合材料所用原材料
Fig.1  单丝状碳纤维
Material Linear ablation rate/(mm·s-1) Mass ablation rate/(g·s-1) Bending strength/MPa Bending modulus/GPa Forming pressure/MPa
HTA 1K/SL-1069 -0.018 0.049 691.5 53.9 1.2(vacuum assisted)
HTA 3K/SL-1069 -0.017 0.072 615 58.5 4
HTA 3K/S-157 -0.033 0.078 253 35.8 4
T-700 12K/S-157 -0.028 0.081 361 46.8 4
Table 3  碳布/酚醛复合材料烧蚀性能和弯曲性能
Fig.2  碳/酚醛复合材料的表面形貌
(a)短切T700/酚醛；(b)短切T800 6K/酚醛；(c)单丝状T700 /酚醛
Material Linear ablation rate/(mm·s-1) Mass ablation rate/(g·s-1) Bending strength/MPa Bending modulus/GPa
T-800H 6K/S-157 0.002 0.068
T-800S 6K/S-157 -0.006 0.073
T-800S 12K/S-157 0.012 0.078
Monofilament T-700/S-157 -0.019 0.048 281 23.4
Monofilament T-800S/S-157 -0.017 0.046 239 31.6
T-700 12K/S-157 -0.028 0.083 184
T-700 24K/S-157 0.1218 0.116
Table 4  短切碳纤维/酚醛复合材料烧蚀性能
Fig.3  复合材料烧蚀形貌扫描电镜照片
(a)T-800S/S-157;(b)T-800H/S-157
Fig.4  烧蚀前(a)后(b)复合材料表面的扫描电镜图片
Material Working pressure of solid rocket motor/MPa Working time of solid rocket motor/s Nozzle ablation thickness/mm Nozzle ablation rate/(mm·s-1) Linear ablation rate of oxyacetylene/(mm·s-1) Mass ablation rate/(g·s-1)
Monofilament T700 carbon fiber/phenolic 6-7 15 2.5 0.17 -0.019 0.048
Chopped T800S carbon fiber/phenolic 4-5 22 7.5 0.34 -0.006 0.073
Table 5  固体火箭发动机地面实验考核验证结果
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