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Lithium storage performance and optimal design of porous carbon materials with lettuce leaves |
Xin LI, Qiufen WANG( ), Juan MIAO( ), Huifang TIAN, Chengli ZHANG, Yanlei ZHANG, Zhilin ZHANG |
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan, China |
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Abstract As a new energy material of environmental protection, biomass porous carbon material has been a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, the porous carbon materials from lettuce leaves (LLs-temperature-proportional-activator) were prepared under different conditions, such as sintering temperature, the different activator, and the mass ratio of raw material and the activator, and the technological conditions were optimized through the discussion on their lithium storage performances. The results show that there are two broad and weak XRD peaks at 2θ=22°-26° and 2θ≈43° in each material, corresponding to the lattice plane (002) and (101), which indicates that the material is an amorphous carbon material with a certain degree of graphitization. In addition, the first discharge capacity of LLs-800-4R-K can reach 674.5 mAh/g. After 200 cycles, its discharge specific capacity can be maintained at 209.6 mAh /g, and the energy density is 146.8 Wh/kg. It illustrates that LLs-800-4R-K has good cycle performance and specific capacity. Thus, the optimum process conditions are as follows. The sintering temperature is at 800 ℃, KOH is used as activator, the mass ratio of raw material and the activator is 1:4.
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Received: 15 October 2020
Published: 18 April 2022
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Corresponding Authors:
Qiufen WANG,Juan MIAO
E-mail: wqf@hpu.edu.cn;miaojuan@hpu.edu.cn
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Schematic diagram of porous carbon materials prepared from lettuce leaves
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XRD patterns of lettuce leaves under different processing conditions
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XPS patterns of LLs-800-4R-KOH and LLs-800-4R-CaCl2 (a)survey; (b)C1s;(c)O1s;(d)Si2p;(e)N1s
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SEM images of samples (a), (b)LLs-800-4R-KOH; (c), (d)LLs-800-4R-CaCl2
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TEM images of samples (a), (b)LLs-800-4R-KOH; (c), (d)LLs-800-4R-CaCl2
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BET test of lettuce leaves materials under different processing conditions (a)nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms; (b)pore size distribution
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Electrochemical properties of lettuce leaves under different processing conditions (a)initial charge/discharge curves; (b)cycling performance; (c)rate capabilities; (d)power densities
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EIS of lettuce leaves under different processing conditions (a)different temperatures; (b)different mass ratios of raw material and KOH; (c)different activators
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Relationship between ω and Z′ of the electrode at different charge states
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SEM images after 200 cycles (a)LLs-800-4R-KOH; (b)LLs-800-4R-CaCl2
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Electrochemical properties of lettuce leaves and buttonwood leaves (a)initial charge/discharge curves; (b)cycling performance
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