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2024 Volume 52 Issue 2
Published: 20 February 2024
  
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    Metal Additive Manufacturing Column
  • Metal Additive Manufacturing Column
    Guoliang ZHU, Hua LUO, Jian HE, Yusheng TIAN, Dongyu WEI, Qingbiao TAN, Decheng KONG
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    Guoliang ZHU, Hua LUO, Jian HE, Yusheng TIAN, Dongyu WEI, Qingbiao TAN, Decheng KONG. Advances in additive manufacturing of nickel-based high-temperature alloys[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 1-15.

    Nickel-based superalloys have attracted significant attention due to their outstanding high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, and oxidation resistance, and are widely used in aerospace and other fields. This article provides a comprehensive review of the preparation methods, common grades, and microstructure and properties of additive manufactured nickel-based superalloys, summarizes the current issues, and proposes future areas for exploration. Nickel-based superalloys prepared by metal additive manufacturing technology have excellent performance, can achieve precise forming of complex components, and have minimal material waste during the manufacturing process. They are expected to become an important production process for nickel-based superalloys components in fields such as aerospace. Common methods for additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloys include laser powder bed melting, directed energy deposition, and arc additive manufacturing. Powder bed melting is widely used for manufacturing high-precision and complex parts, but it has a relatively slow manufacturing speed and higher equipment and material costs. Directed energy deposition has higher degrees of freedom and flexibility and can be used to prepare functional gradient materials, but it has lower accuracy. Arc additive manufacturing has lower equipment and material costs and is suitable for rapid manufacturing of large parts, but the surface roughness of the alloy produced by this method is poor and requires additional processing or post-treatment. Nickel-based superalloys widely studied in the additive manufacturing process include IN625, Hastelloy X, and other solid solution strengthened alloys, as well as IN718, CM247LC, IN738LC, and other precipitation strengthened superalloys. Compared with traditional casting and forging methods, the unique layer-by-layer forming and rapid cooling and heating process of additive manufacturing result in a coarse columnar grain structure and a unique microstructure with a large number of fine grains. It also forms unique melt pool structures and dislocation cell structures. However, the alloys obtained by additive manufacturing generally require heat treatment to control grain structure and precipitated phases, which affects the mechanical properties of the alloy. In addition, the mechanical properties of additive manufactured nickel-based superalloys are also related to specific preparation methods and alloy types. Although additive manufacturing has been widely used in the preparation of nickel-based superalloys, there are still issues such as anisotropy in microstructure and properties, high sensitivity to alloy cracking, and a lack of corresponding specifications and standards. In the future, further exploration is needed in areas such as heat treatment, customization and development of specialized alloys, investigation of the process-structure-function relationship, and computational modeling.

  • Metal Additive Manufacturing Column
    Hongjie LIU, Wencai LIU, Jiawei SUN, Xiyao WANG, Siyu KUANG, Guohua WU
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    Hongjie LIU, Wencai LIU, Jiawei SUN, Xiyao WANG, Siyu KUANG, Guohua WU. Research progress and prospect in wire arc additive manufacturing magnesium alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 16-30.

    Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has received extensive attention from researchers due to its high deposition rate, high material utilization, low cost, and ability to manufacture large-scale components. It is expected to be widely used in rapid forming of magnesium alloys. The current types and requirements of wires used in WAAM of magnesium alloy were summarized. Then, the current preparation methods suitable for WAAM of magnesium alloy were introduced. The manufacturing technology, deposition mechanism, microstructure and mechanical property of various WAAM-processed magnesium alloys were discussed. Finally, the problems such as the few types of available wires and the uncontrollable shape and property of components for wire arc additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys were analyzed. The optimization of properties and application of components for wire arc additive manufacturing of magnesium alloys were forecasted.

  • Metal Additive Manufacturing Column
    Yuanfei HAN, Minhan FANG, Liang ZHANG, Zhonggang SUN, Guangfa HUANG, Weijie LYU
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    Yuanfei HAN, Minhan FANG, Liang ZHANG, Zhonggang SUN, Guangfa HUANG, Weijie LYU. Network formation and mechanical property of additive manufactured TiB/Ti composites[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 31-39.

    TiB was planted into the matrix titanium alloy through the rapid solidification process, and the new ultrafine network reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) powder was formed. Based on the laser additive manufacturing technology, a new titanium matrix composite with alternate distribution of equiaxed network and columnar network structure were creatively fabricated, the formation mechanism of the network structure was systematically discussed, and the mechanical properties of the super-solidified TMCs by additive manufacturing were tested. The results indicate that the network structure (about 9 μm) of the additively manufactured TiB/Ti composites is mainly composed of in-situ nano-TiB whiskers, presenting two crystal structures of B27 and Bf. The direct introduction of B element is easy to form constitutional supercooling at the solidification interface. The equiaxed α phases are obtained by promoting the alternating formation of equiaxed/columnar network structure and refining the grain size. In addition, the formed nano-TiB network structure, not only inhibits the crack deflection and passivate cracks, but also confines the large number of slip lines inside the TiB network structure via in-situ observation, inducing high-density dislocations at the grain boundaries, which limites its plastic deformation, and greatly improves the strength of the composites. The additively manufactured TiB/Ti composites increases the tensile strength by 42%, and maintains the elongation of about 10%.

  • Metal Additive Manufacturing Column
    Rong XU, Wenjun WANG, Hongbin ZHU, Ruidi LI, Jie SHE, Tiechui YUAN
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    Rong XU, Wenjun WANG, Hongbin ZHU, Ruidi LI, Jie SHE, Tiechui YUAN. Microstructure and properties of repaired 5083-H112 aluminum alloy by laser direct energy deposited Al-Mg-Sc-Zr[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 40-49.

    Laser repair technology has the advantages of short time, high efficiency, low cost and good mechanical properties, and has great development potential. Al-7.5Mg-0.3Sc-0.28Zr was used as the repair material to conduct laser repair experiments on 5083-H112 aluminum alloy used in rail transit, and a dense and defect-free repair sample was obtained. The microstructure and properties of the sample were studied, and the feasibility of laser repair of aluminum alloy was discussed. The results show that the transition zone near the fusion line can be divided into repair zone, partial melting zone, heat affected zone and base metal. The grains in the repaired area are completely equiaxed, consisting of a fine-grained band with an average grain size of 4.95 μm and a coarse-grained region of 18.34 μm respectively. In the transition area from the repair zone to the partial melting zone and then to the heat affected zone, the content of Al element gradually increases, the content of Mg element gradually decreases, and the hardness decreases gradually. The heat-affected zone and the base metal are not softened after the repair. Due to the rapid solidification of laser additive manufacturing technology, the fine-grain band near the fusion line has larger stress concentration, and the residual stress in the heat affected zone and partial melting zone is small due to the small heat input. The yield strength of the repaired sample of (152±2) MPa is 89.4% of the base metal, the tensile strength of (305±5) MPa is 100% of the base metal, and the elongation rate of (15.5±0.5)% is 85.2% of the base metal. Fracture occurs in the weaker base metal. Laser repair of aluminum alloys is feasible and has broad application prospects.

  • Metal Additive Manufacturing Column
    Yuling NIU, Xiaofeng LI, Yuxia ZHAO, Li ZHANG, Bin LIU, Peikang BAI
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    Yuling NIU, Xiaofeng LI, Yuxia ZHAO, Li ZHANG, Bin LIU, Peikang BAI. Temperature field simulation on WC-12Co cemented carbide formed by laser powder bed fusion[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 50-59.

    A three-dimensional finite element thermal model was established, combined with the finite element software ANSYS, and the simulation of applying a Gaussian heat source and the printing process of WC-12Co cemented carbide was achieved with the use of APDL commands and the birth-death unit method, and the temperature field distribution of WC-12Co cemented carbide in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) shaping process was finally obtained, and the effects of different process parameters (laser power, scanning speed) on its temperature field distribution and melt pool characteristics were investigated. The results show that the forming process of WC-12Co cemented carbide in LPBF process can be effectively simulated by using finite elements. In addition, the isotherms located at the front of the heat source are denser than those at the tail, with a larger temperature gradient; and the temperature in the center of the melt pool at the terminal edge of the scanning path is the highest. As the laser power increases and the scanning speed decreases, the width, depth and length of the molten pool increase accordingly. Relevant experiments were used to analyze the effect of different process parameters on grain size, and it is found that the grain size decreases with the increase of scanning speeds and increaseds with the increase of laser power; but too high laser power can cause certain thermal cracking phenomenon.

  • Review
  • Review
    Chao YANG, Yuxin LIAO, Haizhou LU, An YAN, Weisi CAI, Pengxu LI
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    Chao YANG, Yuxin LIAO, Haizhou LU, An YAN, Weisi CAI, Pengxu LI. Functional properties of NiTi shape memory alloys and their application development[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 60-77.

    As a sort of intelligent material, NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) are widely used in the fields of aerospace, medical devices and construction due to their functional properties such as excellent superelasticity, shape memory effect and biocompatibility. Superelasticity is characterized by a macroscopic recovery of the original shape despite large deformations, and is much larger than the recoverable elastic strain of common metals. The shape memory effect is the mutual transformation of austenite and martensite phases under temperature excitation, which is categorized into one-way, two-way and all-round shape memory effects according to the macroscopic deformation. The biocompatibility of NiTi SMAs is reflected in the low elastic modulus and low biotoxicity, which can be used in medical devices such as orthodontics, orthopedics, and cardiovascular stents. In order to fully exploit the applications of these functional properties, researchers are developing intelligent structures based on NiTi SMAs. This paper focuses on the review of the intelligent structures' applications corresponding to the different functional properties of NiTi SMAs, and introduces and discusses functional properties, problems and application fields. Meanwhile, damping and hydrogen storage properties of NiTi SMAs are explained in detail. Finally, this paper underlines the problems that need to be focused on and addressed in the applications of NiTi SMAs in various engineering fields: using additive manufacturing to tailoring the microstructure to achieve the stability improvement of superelasticity; providing theoretical guidance for the stable shape memory effect through the establishment of the intrinsic model, and further optimizing the structure to achieve the macroscopic amplification of the shape memory effect; as well as improving the corrosion resistance of NiTi SMAs in biological environments and the promotion of medical applications. Therefore, a great deal of interdisciplinary research is needed to promote the personalization and functional customization of NiTi SMAs in different applications.

  • Review
    Chen CHEN, Jiaxi LI, Lei NIE
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    Chen CHEN, Jiaxi LI, Lei NIE. Research progress of wearable flexible electrochemical sensors for sweat[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 78-91.

    Sweat contains many physiological information about the body, such as electrolytes, metabolites, hormones, temperature, etc. Sweat-based wearable sensors enable real-time, continuous, non-invasive monitoring of multimodal bio-metrics at the molecular level, and are widely studied for their significant potential in areas such as motion sensing, disease prevention, and health management. This paper described the five modules of substrate, sweat collection, sensing, power supply and decision making in the integrated structure of wearable sweat sensors, highlighted the excellent performance and applications of nanostructures (such as metal-based and carbon-based materials) in electrochemical sensing sensitive materials, and finally discussed the challenges of wearable sweat sensors in terms of trace sweat collection and variability of physicochemical variables in multi-parameter sensing, meanwhile, future directions of wearable sweat sensing are proposed for two key problems of sweat collection and real-time calibration, including bionic microfluidics and multi-parameter feedback regulation methods to achieve efficient collection and accurate detection of microscopic sweat, promote the application and development of real-time early warning of sweat sensing for chronic major diseases.

  • Review
    Dongdong LIU, Xiuming LIU, Kuanjun FANG, Zheng LI, Jixian GONG, Qiujin LI
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    Dongdong LIU, Xiuming LIU, Kuanjun FANG, Zheng LI, Jixian GONG, Qiujin LI. Research progress in preparation and application of fabric-based metal-organic frameworks composites[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 92-101.

    Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) materials, as third generation porous materials, have attracted much attention due to their functional properties such as high specific surface area, high stability and chemical modifiability, especially, the application of loading on various lightweight and flexible substrates is a rapidly growing field. The progress of loading MOFs on textile materials as substrate carriers was reviewed, and an introduction to the construction of fabric-based MOFs composites by solvothermal method, layer by layer method and spray printing method was given, and the application scenarios of different preparation methods were pointed out according to the differences of preparation methods. The composite mechanism of this type of material was summarized. The methods for enhancing the bonding and firmness of MOFs with substrate materials for the durability of composite materials were described. The latest research results on the application of such composites in the fields of superhydrophobic self-cleaning and self-sterilizing textiles were presented. Finally, it was pointed out that the mass production methods of fabric-based MOFs composites and their durability under real environmental conditions are the key step towards a wide range of applications, and their more integrated functions are the key direction for future research.

  • Review
    Tuanfeng LI, Luyao ZHANG, Runlin FAN, Xiaomin MENG, Yangyue HU, Cong LIU, Xuhui WEN, Junsheng ZHENG, Pingwen MING
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    Tuanfeng LI, Luyao ZHANG, Runlin FAN, Xiaomin MENG, Yangyue HU, Cong LIU, Xuhui WEN, Junsheng ZHENG, Pingwen MING. Research progress in composite graphite bipolar plate materials and properties[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 102-111.

    Bipolar plates play a role in electron transfer, gas distribution, water management, supporting membrane electrode assembly in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and is also a key component to ensure low cost of fuel cell stack. In this paper, bipolar plate materials (metal, graphite and composite materials), functions, advantages and challenges are reviewed. Among them, the composite graphite bipolar plate stands out with its long cycle life and high corrosion resistance, and has received high attention in recent years. The factors related to the conductive network formed by graphite (including the size and shape of filler and the auxiliary filler bridging graphite particles), the composition and curing conditions of polymer, and the influence of the molding process conditions on the properties were discussed in this paper. In the future, the development of composite graphite bipolar plates with excellent comprehensive performance, making existing formulas and forming methods suitable for large-scale production by mastering and optimizing the balance between polymer structure and reaction path on their performance, will greatly enhance the large-scale application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells in more fields.

  • Review
    Pengfei ZHOU, Hongli ZHU, Mingjun LI, Chengjun ZHANG, Xingyi WANG, Shibing PAN
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    Pengfei ZHOU, Hongli ZHU, Mingjun LI, Chengjun ZHANG, Xingyi WANG, Shibing PAN. Application research in metamaterials for military stealth[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 112-121.

    With the development of detection methods, the intelligent and high-precision military stealth detection technology has put forward higher requirements for the performance of stealth materials, the traditional materials are limited by their own performance, and it is difficult to achieve stealth requirements such as lightweight, broadband, and strong absorption. However, the metamaterials have great potential for development in the field of stealth due to their ability to design, adjust structures, and achieve related performance according to human will. Therefore, the research on metamaterials in the field of military stealth has received great attention.The development, special properties and applications of metamaterials were reviewed in this paper, focusing on the research and development of radar stealth metamaterials, infrared stealth metamaterials, radar/infrared compatible stealth metamaterials, and laser/infrared compatible stealth metamaterials. Finally, it was pointed out that the research of metamaterials in the field of military stealth mostly stays in the experimental stage, and it is difficult to adapt to the complex and changeable practical environment for practical application, the research of metamaterials should be focused on low-cost preparation and application, broadband multi-band compatibility, as well as high temperature resistance, high corrosion resistance and high outdoor stability.

  • Review
    Boxin ZHOU, Ziling SHEN, Jinghui JIANG, Chusheng QI, Lu DAI
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    Boxin ZHOU, Ziling SHEN, Jinghui JIANG, Chusheng QI, Lu DAI. Research progress in isolation, main physical and mechanical properties of wood lignin[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 122-134.

    Lignin is an important component of wood cell wall, and its moisture absorption characteristics, thermal characteristics, and mechanical characteristics influence each other at the micro-macro scale of wood, and play a decisive role in its high-value application. In this paper, the research progress of wood lignin was reviewed from five aspects: molecular structure, separation methods, moisture absorption characteristics, thermal characteristics and mechanical characteristics. Wood lignin is a highly heterogeneous and irregular three-dimensional network polymer structure. Compared with in-situ lignin, the lignin separated by different separation methods has different degrees of depolymerization condensation, which leads to differences in molecular structure, hygroscopicity, thermal properties and mechanical properties. Wood lignin has an approximate S-shaped isothermal adsorption curve and there is a hysteresis phenomenon of moisture absorption. The equilibrium moisture content is below 20%(mass fraction), and the BET and GAB theories can be used to qualitatively describe and quantitatively analyze the adsorption capacity of monolayer water molecules. Wood lignin has high polymer plasticity at low temperatures with a glass transition temperature of 90-160 ℃, and has a thermosetting property and thermal decomposition at high temperature, with α-O-4, β-O-4, carbon-carbon linkages of aliphatic hydrocarbons, 5-5 and 4-O-5 linkages breaking successively, and the activation energy of pseudo in-situ lignin is 82-150 kJ/mol. The mechanical properties of lignin are isotropic, and the elastic modulus is decreased with the increase of moisture content, with the elastic modulus of 2.8-9.0 GPa and the shear modulus of 1.1-2.3 GPa, but the research scope is limited to the elastic stage. The green and efficient separation method of in-situ lignin, the molecular structure sequence of lignin and the elastic-plastic mechanical properties of lignin need to be further studied.

  • Review
    Yuchen JIN, Zhichao LI
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    Yuchen JIN, Zhichao LI. Impact law of typical special preparation techniques on texture of non-oriented electrical steel[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 135-145.

    Electrical steel, also known as silicon steel, is an important special steel and is often referred to as the "work of art" among special steels. This is mainly due to the complexity of its processing and preparation processes, and the wide range of factors affecting its performance. One of the non-oriented electrical steel is mainly used in the rotating electromagnetic field environment, in order to obtain excellent soft magnetic properties, it is necessary to form a larger number of {100} and other texture, for which the researchers have carried out a lot of exploration. In recent years, some special preparation techniques on the formation of non-oriented are found out that electrical steel has a significant role in promoting the formation of a larger number of {100} and other texture. The effects of two-stage rolling, cross rolling, asymmetric rolling and twin-roll strip cast on the recrystallization structure of non-oriented electrical steel were summarized, and it is found that the two-stage rolling and twin-roll strip cast can enhance the λ and Gaussian texture and weaken the γ texture, the cross rolling also enhances the λ texture but has little effect on the γ texture, and the iso-speed asymmetric rolling enhances the η texture, but the iso-diameter asymmetric rolling has no effect on the recrystallization texture. The shortcomings of the current special preparation techniques are summarized and some development directions, such as generating more shear bands in conventional cold rolling with the help of the principle of shew rolling and utilizing asymmetric rolling to carry out secondary processing in order to homogenize the magnetic susceptibiltty, which provide more references for the subsequent industrial production of non-oriented silicon steel are put forward.

  • Research Article
  • Research Article
    Hua CHEN, Cancan DING, Bin HU, Haiwen LUO
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    Hua CHEN, Cancan DING, Bin HU, Haiwen LUO. Effects of Nb microalloying and quenching rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot formed steels[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 146-154.

    A new type of Nb containing hot formed steel was designed based on traditional 22MnB5 steel, and the effect of Nb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the hot formed steel at different quenching rates was studied. The new Nb microalloyed hot formed steel and the widely used 22MnB5 commercial steel were both subjected to solution treatment at 900 ℃ for 3 min, followed by water quenching and oil quenching to room temperature, respectively. The mechanical properties of the two steels were tested under two quenching conditions. And the alloy microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that Nb microalloyed hot formed steel and 22MnB5 steel can undergo significant self tempering during oil quenching, but the yield strength of the former is about 130 MPa higher than that of the latter, and the elongation is also slightly improved. The quantitative calculations of the strengthening mechanism indicate that this is due to the fine grain strengthening formed by grain refinement of Nb containing steel, as well as the combined effect of dislocation strengthening and precipitation strengthening. Under water quenching conditions, the yield strength and elongation of both steels are similar, suggesting that the high cooling rate inhibits self tempering, making the residual stress generated by martensitic transformation the dominant factor affecting yield strength. When the water quenched sample is tempered at 170 ℃ to reduce internal stress, the yield strength of Nb containing steel is once again higher than that of 22MnB5 steel.

  • Research Article
    Pengjun TANG, Taiqi YAN, Bingqing CHEN, Shaoqing GUO, Peiyong LI
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    Pengjun TANG, Taiqi YAN, Bingqing CHEN, Shaoqing GUO, Peiyong LI. Effect of solid solution treatment on microstructure, tensile properties and residual stress of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 155-163.

    The influence of solid solution treatment on microstructure, tensile properties and residual stress of AlSi10Mg alloy prepared by selective laser melting was investigated by optical microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, tensile tests and Raman spectrometer. The results indicate that the as-built alloy has a fine microstructure and high strength, but there is obvious anisotropy and significant residual tensile stress. Both the ultimate tensile strength and the yield strength can be improved significantly by direct artificial aging treatment for as-built alloy. However, the morphologies of molten pools and eutectic silicon of aged alloy are as basically same as that of as-built alloy. The solid solution treatment can remarkably improve the anisotropy of microstructure and tensile property, and completely eliminate the residual tensile stress. Meanwhile, it also leads to structural coarsening, resulting in the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are only about 50% of as-built alloy. For the solid solution treated alloy, there is no obvious change of microstructure, anisotropy and residual stress after artificial aging treatment. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength reach 330 MPa and 270 MPa respectively, with the elongation after fracture about 10%-11%. The improvement of strength after artificial aging treatment is attributed to the precipitation of GP zone.

  • Research Article
    Guobiao LIN, Fuhu ZHU, Siwen ZHAO
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    Guobiao LIN, Fuhu ZHU, Siwen ZHAO. Microstructure and strength of composite casting interface between Ti pretreated SiCf/SiC and Ni-based superalloy[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 164-171.

    The integrated castings fabricated by SiCf/SiC composite and K403 Ni-based superalloy melt exhibited spontaneous fracture when cooled to room temperature. The integrated forming of SiCf/SiC and K403 Ni-based superalloy and their firmly bonded interface were successfully realized by pretreatment of SiCf/SiC surface using Ti powder embedded coating infiltration process at 1100 ℃ and ceramic mold precision casting with K403 superalloy melt under appropriate process. The results show that the Ti pretreatment layer has an average thickness of about 17 μm and microscopic structure including TiC, Ti3SiC2, Ti5Si3Cx and SiC phases owing to Ti permeation, diffusion and reaction to SiCf/SiC. After composite casting of the pretreated SiCf/SiC and high temperature nickel base metallic liquid, the pretreatment layer is evolved into the interface reaction layer with a thickness of about 120 μm and the typical microstructure composed of Ni2Si, C, Al4C3 and MC (M containing mainly Ti and a small amount of Cr, Mo, W).The existence of pretreatment layer alleviates the harmful graphitization reaction between Ni and SiC, and the thermal shock of the high temperature melt on SiCf/SiC during casting; the formed interface reaction layer reduces the interface thermal stress caused by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients. Consequently, the room temperature shear strength of the interface in the integrated casting of SiCf/SiC and K403 reaches 63.5 MPa.

  • Research Article
    Jiwen LIU, Zhaohui HU, Junyang WANG, Yating LIN, Lu ZHANG
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    Jiwen LIU, Zhaohui HU, Junyang WANG, Yating LIN, Lu ZHANG. Effect of γ′ phase coarsening on tensile properties during long-term aging of NiCoCrFeAlTiMoW alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 172-179.

    A γ′ phase strengthened NiCoCrFeAlTiMoW alloy was prepared in a vacuum arc melting furnace, and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and tensile testing machine were used to investigate the coarsening behavior and the evolution law and mechanism of mechanical properties of the γ′ phase after 200 h long-term aging at 750, 850 ℃ and 950 ℃.The results show that γ′ phase remains spherical during the aging process when the aging time is extended, γ′ phase size gradually increases and the solidification phenomenon occurs at 750, 850 ℃ and 950 ℃. The alloy has a high diffusion activation energy with a value of 357 kJ/mol.This is mainly due to the fact that the matrix is a high entropy solid solution with complex composition, and the diffusion of Al and Ti atoms in the matrix becomes difficult due to the hysteresis diffusion effect. The yield strength of the alloy gradually increases after aging at 750 ℃, the yield strength after aging at 850 ℃ first increases and then decreases, and gradually decreases after aging at 950 ℃. The change in the yield strength of the alloy is caused by the increase in the size of the γ′ phase, which leads to a shift in the precipitation strengthening mechanism of the alloy.

  • Research Article
    Luying WANG, Yueming QIU, Rui ZHANG, Pingfan XU, Yifan LIU, Chunxiang LIN, Minghua LIU
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    Luying WANG, Yueming QIU, Rui ZHANG, Pingfan XU, Yifan LIU, Chunxiang LIN, Minghua LIU. Preparation and photo-regeneration properties of photo-responsive cellulose based imprinted adsorption materials[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 180-189.

    The photoresponsive adsorption materials are of great significance to the light controlled release performance of pollutants and the development of green regeneration of adsorption materials. A photo-responsive cellulose based imprinted adsorbent (Cell-AB-MIP) was synthesized by surface-initiates atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) using cellulose as raw material, azobenzene derivatives as functional monomers, and the typical pesticide residues 2, 4-D as template. The synthetic conditions were optimized by single factor experiment, and the structure and performance of the material was analyzed by some characterization methods. The results show that the surface of Cell-AB-MIP contains abundant functional groups (—COOH, N=N, etc.), which have a high specific recognition effect for 2, 4-D. The introduction of azobenzene group makes Cell-AB-MIP have excellent photo-induced regeneration performance. The azobenzene group on Cell-AB-MIP surface changes from trans-configuration to cis-configuration under UV irradiation, then changing the binding affinity of adsorbent for pollutants, thus realizing green regeneration via UV-light. The desorption efficiency can reach 72.22% in methanol medium under UV light irradiation. After 5 times of cycle, the adsorption percentage to 2, 4-D still remains 83.47%. The analysis results of SEM and EA confirm that the adsorbed pollutants can be separated from the surface of the adsorbent after UV irradiation, completing the regeneration process.

  • Research Article
    Zhongbo LI
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    Zhongbo LI. Mechanical properties, oxidation resistance and hydrophobicity of Ti3AlN/ZrYN nanomultilayers[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 190-197.

    A series of Ti3AlN/ZrYN nanomultilayer films of different ZrYN nanolayer thickness were fabricated using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique by alternately depositing Ti3AlN and ZrYN nanolayers. The influence of different ZrYN nanolayers thickness on the mechanical properties, oxidation resistance and hydrophobicity of Ti3AlN/ZrYN nanomultilayer films was investigated by XRD, SEM, nanoindentation tester and contact angle measuring instrument. The results show that the highest hardness (H=26.8 GPa) and the excellent fracture toughness (Kf=4.21 MPa∙m1/2) are achieved at the thickness of Ti3AlN and ZrYN nanolayers are 10 nm and 1 nm respectively. The excellent mechanical properties maybe induced by the formation of c-Ti3AlN/c-ZrYN coherent epitaxial structure, which can enhance hardness by preventing dislocation generation and slip. The high density heterogeneous interface can continuously consume crack propagation energy by deflecting the microcracks and extending the crack propagation path to enhance the fracture toughness. Simultaneously, the oxidation resistance test found that the Ti3AlN/ZrYN nanomultilayers with thinner l also prefer to obtain excellent oxidation resistance, in which the Al tended to form a dense Al2O3 protective layer on the surface, preventing oxygen diffusing into the internal. Moreover, the nodular defects formed on the surface of Ti3AlN/ZrYN nanomultilayer increase the surface roughness, enhancing the hydrophobic properties of the films and thereby reducing their susceptibility to rapid corrosion in humid environments.

  • Research Article
    Chaoqun SU, Longhui DENG, Ruoyu LIU, Jianing JIANG, Haitao YUN, Gui LI, Xiaofeng MIAO, Wenbo CHEN, Chushan YI, Li LIU, Shujuan DONG, Xueqiang CAO
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    Chaoqun SU, Longhui DENG, Ruoyu LIU, Jianing JIANG, Haitao YUN, Gui LI, Xiaofeng MIAO, Wenbo CHEN, Chushan YI, Li LIU, Shujuan DONG, Xueqiang CAO. Bonding strength of environmental barrier coatings on surface of SiC-based ceramic matrix composites[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 198-206.

    SiC-based ceramic matrix composites (SiC-CMC) are an ideal material for aeroengines with high thrust/mass ratio.In order to prevent the corrosion of SiC-CMC by gas (rich in H2O and O2) in the engine, it is necessary to prepare environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) with excellent water and oxygen corrosion resistance, gas erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance. Among many factors that evaluate the performance of EBCs, the bonding strength between EBCs and SiC-CMC matrix is an important indicator, but the limit value of the bonding strength has not been clearly explored.In this paper, main factors to control the bonding strength were studied in order to reach the highest value, including the SiC-CMC matrix state, the tensile strength limit of single crystal Si, and the preparation process of the Si bonding layer, etc. In the SiC-CMC/EBCs system, the interface between the SiC fiber cloth is the weakest part of the bonding strength, followed by the Si bonding layer. The bonding strength limit is 15 MPa, which is the tensile strength limit of single crystal Si in the [400] crystal direction. The bonding strength of the Si layer using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) or high velocity oxygen-fuel(HVOF) is similar, which is lower than that of mullite or Yb2Si2O7 layer sprayed by the same process.

  • Research Article
    Minglu SHEN, Lianhong ZHAO, Weiping HE, Zhongyu CUI, Hongzhi CUI
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    Minglu SHEN, Lianhong ZHAO, Weiping HE, Zhongyu CUI, Hongzhi CUI. Corrosion and cracking behavior of high strength steel covered with high-velocity oxygen-fuel spraying WC coating in marine environment[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 207-217.

    In order to explore the adaptability and failure mechanism of landing gear materials for amphibious aircraft in the marine environment. By preparing a high-speed flame sprayed WC coating on the surface of hot-rolled 300M high-strength steel, the corrosion behavior of the coating in an artificial seawater environment was studied using electrochemical testing, salt spray testing, tensile testing, fatigue testing, and characterization by SEM, EDS, XRD, and CLSM. The research results indicate that the WC coating undergoes significant passivation and exhibits good corrosion resistance in an artificial seawater environment with pH value 8.2, which is related to the passivation of Co in the coating under alkaline conditions. The long-term electrochemical impedance results indicate that the corrosion resistance of the coating increases after soaking for 28 days, which is related to the oxide formed by the surface binder. Compared with the 300 M substrate, the tensile strength of the sprayed material slightly increases, which is related to the residual stress releasing inside the coating. Its cracking in artificial seawater is mainly controlled by the anodic dissolution process. As the pre corrosion time increases, the fatigue life of the material significantly decreases. The corrosive medium from the environment enters the interior of the coating during the pre corrosion process, which increases the number of defects, causes premature failure of the coating, and leads to an increase in material fracture sensitivity. WC coatings have good corrosion resistance, and the release of residual stress during the tensile process slightly increases the tensile strength of the material. The coating fails prematurely after pre corrosion, which results in a reduced fatigue life of the material.

  • Research Article
    Xiaoqin LONG, Aren HAVAN, Zhan WANG, Yuqing LIANG, Wusha PINGTE, Ziqiang WANG, Yifei SUN, Fei YU, Huan YUAN
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    Xiaoqin LONG, Aren HAVAN, Zhan WANG, Yuqing LIANG, Wusha PINGTE, Ziqiang WANG, Yifei SUN, Fei YU, Huan YUAN. Gas sensing mechanism of ZnO: Na nanocrystals at room temperature using surface photovoltage spectroscopy[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 218-226.

    ZnO nanocrystals with different Na doping concentrations were prepared on PET flexible substrates sputtered with Au/Ti interdigital electrodes by a simple sol gel method. The relationship between the photoassisted room temperature NO2 gas sensing mechanism and surface photovoltage was explored by characterizing the microstructure and optical properties of the sample. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that all samples have the hexagonal wurtzite structure, and Na doping does not exhibit diffraction peaks of Na and its oxides. The room temperature gas sensitivity test results show that Na doped ZnO nanocrystals have excellent room temperature gas sensitivity performance, and 0.94 mg/m3 NO2 is detected, which significantly improves the gas sensitivity response compared to pure ZnO nanocrystals. The experimental results of surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPV) and ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis) indicate that the room temperature gas sensitivity of doped ZnO samples may be related to their surface defect content and defect energy levels. Na doping can significantly enhance the separation of photo generated charges, while also introducing more oxygen defects (Vo) and active sites to promote the reaction between NO2 gas and surface adsorbed ionized oxygen defects. In addition, the blue shift of the optical bandgap and the newly generated defect energy levels further enhance the sensitivity of NO2 gas.

  • Yaowei LIU, Kun HUANG, Bojun ZHANG, Weigui FU, Runhong DU, Yiping ZHAO
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    Yaowei LIU, Kun HUANG, Bojun ZHANG, Weigui FU, Runhong DU, Yiping ZHAO. Preparation of PVDF-based ultrafiltration membranes and its wastewater separation properties of cutting fluid[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 227-234.

    Cutting fluid wastewater contains a large amount of emulsified oil. If it is discharged directly without treatment, it will cause environmental pollution and water ecosystem destruction. In order to efficiently separate oil-in-water emulsion wastewater and reduce membrane fouling, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane with good membrane-forming property, stable mechanical properties and good chemical resistance was used as the support, the amino group of cysteamine was introduced to the membrane surface, and then amidated with the carboxyl group of methacrylic acid, and followed by forming a cyclic polymer functional layer through a free radical polymerization reaction, thus PVDF-based composite membrane with good hydrophilicity, large flux and high oil-water separation rate was obtained. The physical and chemical properties of the modified films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water contact angle. The separation effect of n-hexane-in-water emulsion and cutting fluid wastewater was tested by self-made cross-flow filtration device. The results show that the water contact angle (WCA) of the original membrane (M0) is 91.95°, while the WCA of the modified membrane M1, M2 and M3 decrease to 65.78°, 51.08° and 71.70°, respectively, indicating that the hydrophilicity of the modified membrane is improved. The permeation fluxes of M0, M1, M2 and M3 for n-hexane-in-water emulsion are 37.34, 58.40, 81.57, 44.55 L·m-2·h-1, respectively. The water fluxes for cutting fluid and wastewater separation are 7.41, 11.96, 24.36, 10.80 L·m-2·h-1, respectively. The fluxes of the original membrane and the modified membrane in separating high concentration cutting fluid wastewater decrease, but the permeation flux of the modified membrane is obviously higher than that of the original membrane, and the permeation flux of M2 modified membrane is the best, which indicates that the modified membrane has the best hydrophilicity and anti-pollution ability, and is expected to be used in the treatment of industrial oily wastewater.

  • Research Article
  • Research Article
    Pengxiang YU, Yang MENG, Chen SHI, Juanjuan SU, Jian HAN, Huayi YE
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    Pengxiang YU, Yang MENG, Chen SHI, Juanjuan SU, Jian HAN, Huayi YE. Preparation of anti-wicking polyester fabric/polyvinyl chloride flexible composites and its hygrothermal aging behavior[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2024, 52(2): 235-244.

    Polyester fabric/polyvinyl chloride (PET/PVC) flexible composites were widely used in outdoor products such as sports and leisure, advertising and printing due to its light weight, high strength and good processability. However, under extreme weather conditions such as high temperature and high humidity for a long time, it was very easy to decrease the mechanical properties due to water absorption. Therefore, PET fabric was modified by fluorine-containing block copolymer, and then the wicking resistant PET fabric reinforced PVC resin matrix flexible composites (F-PET/PVC) were obtained by roll coating, then, the mechanism of hygrothermal aging was further explored. The results show that the water contact angle of PET fabric increases from 0° to 114.5°, the wicking height of F-PET/PVC decreases by about 94.29%, and the peeling performance decreases by about 15.87%, when the concentration of anti-wicking agent reaches 20 g/L. In addition, the hygrothermal aging test shows that the hygrothermal aging resistance of F-PET/PVC is better than that of PET/PVC, and the interfacial peeling strength and tensile strength loss rate is decreased from 7.41% and 3.61% to 3.08% and 0.48%, respectively. It is expected to provide a reference for the durability design of environmental fabric-reinforced resin matrix composites.

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