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2222材料工程  2015, Vol. 43 Issue (6): 102-112    DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2015.06.016
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新能源汽车驱动电机用高强度无取向硅钢片的研究与进展
龚坚, 罗海文()
北京科技大学 冶金与生态工程学院, 北京 100083
Progress on the Research of High-strength Non-oriented Silicon Steel Sheets in Traction Motors of Hybrid/Electrical Vehicles
Jian GONG, Hai-wen LUO()
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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摘要 

本文系统介绍了混合动力汽车和电动汽车所用驱动电机的特点和类型以及其对无取向硅钢片的要求,总结出适用于驱动电机的无取向硅钢片是既要求高强度、疲劳性能等力学性能,也要求高磁感和低的高频铁损等磁性能的复合材料。全面介绍了业界领先的各日本钢铁公司关于高强无取向硅钢片相关专利的具体内容,并通过相关热力学计算分析了各专利中所涉及的技术路线,得出析出强化技术路线是未来发展趋势,而其中Ti析出强化不可行,Nb析出强化可行但是成分和工艺窗口狭窄,且必须和Ni、Mn的固溶强化相结合;而Cu的析出强化途径工艺简单且易行、成本经济。
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龚坚
罗海文
关键词 ： 混动/电动汽车,  驱动电机,  高强度无取向硅钢,  高磁感,  低铁损    
Abstract：

The characteristics and types of traction motors for hybrid/electrical vehicles and the requirements to non-orientation silicon steel sheets were systematically reviewed. It was summed up that the non-orientation silicon steel sheets, which are suitable for traction motor, not only require high strength, fatigue properties, but also good magnetic properties, i.e. high permeability and low iron loss at high frequency. The specific contents of the relevant patents on the high strength non-orientation silicon steel sheets of the leading Iron and Steel Companies in Japan were introduced comprehensively, and the involved technological routes in the patents were analysized with thermodynamic calculations. It was concluded that precipitation strengthening technological route is the future developing trend. Particulary, Ti precipitation strengthening is not feasible; Nb precipitation strengthening is feasible but the composition and process window is narrow, and must be combined with the solution strengthening of Ni, Mn; while Cu precipitation strengthening process is simple, cost-effective, and practical.
Key words： hybrid/electrical vehicle    traction motor    high strength non-oriented silicon steel    high permeability    low iron loss
收稿日期: 2014-12-26      出版日期: 2015-06-20
基金资助:国家自然科学基金委员会-宝钢集团有限公司钢铁联合研究基金项目(U1460203);国家国际科技合作专项项目(2015DFG51950)
通讯作者: 罗海文     E-mail: luohaiwen@ustb.edu.cn
作者简介: 罗海文(1972-),男,教授,博士,现从事先进钢铁材料研发,联系地址:北京市学院路30号北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院(100083),E-mail:luohaiwen@ustb.edu.cn
引用本文:   
龚坚, 罗海文. 新能源汽车驱动电机用高强度无取向硅钢片的研究与进展[J]. 材料工程, 2015, 43(6): 102-112.
Jian GONG, Hai-wen LUO. Progress on the Research of High-strength Non-oriented Silicon Steel Sheets in Traction Motors of Hybrid/Electrical Vehicles. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2015, 43(6): 102-112.
链接本文:  
http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2015.06.016      或      http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2015/V43/I6/102
Fig.1  Si含量对普通钢、高强结构钢强度和可轧制性的影响，以及通过包括固溶强化在内的多种手段所要达到的高强电工钢目标强度区间[10]
Fig.2  高强电工钢产品的强度-铁损目标性能区间及与普通钢和高强结构钢的对比[10]
Fig.3  新日铁2002年公布的高强度无取向电工钢系列产品磁性能[7]
Patent No Mass fraction of alloying element / % Process parameter Property
JP S62-256917 [18] ＜0.005C,2.1-3.4Si,＜0.8 Al,0.5-3.3 Mn+Ni,0.05-0.19P,＜0.006B Soaking temp of slab:1150℃; Thickness of hot rolled and cold rolled strip:2.0mm and 0.5mm; Annealing: 820℃×1min σb=660-690MPa,A=25%-30%， P5/1000=40-43W/kg B50=1.65-1.69T
JP H1-162748 [19] 2.95-3.13Si,0.55-0.65 Al,0.1-1.5Mn，1.06-2.5Ni，＜1.54Cr,0.3-0.5Mo,0.03-0.3 Cu,0.0015-0.005B Thickness of hot rolled and cold rolled strip:1.8mm and 0.5mm. Grain size after annealing: 19-25μｍ σs=600-630MPa，σb=690-730MPa, A=25%-30%，P15/50=6.1-6.5W/kg B50=1.63-1.65T
JP 2011-184787[20] 0.003C,3Si,0.75Al,0.24-2.2Mn,＜2.6Ni,2-6.2Cr,0.03P Thickness of cold rolled strips: 0.2mm; Annealing: 750℃×20s σs=609-679MPa,σb=712-776MPa, A=29%-32%,P15/50=4.3-4.5W/kg P10/1000=38-44 W/kg,B50=1.58-1.65T
Table 1  采用固溶强化的新日铁高强度无取向电工钢专利的部分内容
Fig.4  高强无取向硅钢片中经750℃退火20s时效处理后，其固溶Nb*和Ti*的摩尔分数和抗拉强度之间的关系[21]
Fig.5  屈服强度、抗拉强度与退火时再结晶分数之间的关系[21]
Grade Thickness/mm Magnetic property Mechanic property
W10/400/kg-1 Yield strength(RD/TD)/MPa Tensile strength(RD/TD)/MPa
SXRC 690MPa 0.35 46 659/705 768/766
0.27 49 761/834 842/851
780MPa 0.35 51 743/807 833/855
0.50 53 724/779 818/837
Conventional JIS 35A230 Cold rolled 0.35 106 1084/1140 1122/1140
Annealed 0.35 17 336/348 464/472
RD: Rolling direction; TD: Transverse direction
Table 2  住友金属公司的高强度无取向硅钢产品系列的性能[22]
Fig.6  P,Mn和Ni固溶元素含量对无取向硅钢性能的影响[31]
(a)强度;(b)铁损和磁感
Thickness/mm Grade Magnetic property Mechanic property
Core loss/(W·kg-1) Induction B50/T Tensile strength/MPa Typical yield strength/MPa Typical elongation/%
W10/50 W10/400 Min Typical
Min Typical Typical Min Typical L C L C L C
0.35mm 35HXT590T 10.5 4.32 41.0 1.62 1.65 590 678 690 659 669 24 22
35HXT680T 10.5 4.81 44.6 1.62 1.65 680 725 739 718 733 21 21
35HXT780T 11.0 4.68 45.9 1.60 1.63 780 860 882 822 839 18 19
0.50mm 50HXT590T 11.5 4.33 47.6 1.62 1.66 590 687 710 675 697 23 21
50HXT780T 12.0 4.90 52.4 1.60 1.63 780 830 872 817 847 19 17
L: Rolling direction; C: Perpendicular to rolling direction
Table 3  新日铁住金公司生产的高强度无取向硅钢系列产品的磁性能和力学性能要求及其典型值 [32]
Fig.7  Mn对成分为3%Si-0.5%Al-0.004%N-0.2%Ti的Fe-C相图的影响(图中FCC_A1#2为Ti(CN))由ThermoCalc软件和TCFe数据库计算
(a)0Mn,(b)2%Mn;(c)4%Mn;(d)4%Mn时，Ti(CN)在各温度下析出量
Fig.8  Nb对3%Si-0.5%Al-0.004%N-1%Mn-3%Ni的Fe-C相图的影响(图中FCC_A1#2为析出的Nb(CN))
(a)0.2%Nb;(b)0.5%Nb
Fig.9  Fe-Cu二元相图(FCC_A1#2是析出的金属Cu相)
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