放电等离子烧结制备Nb-Si-Ti-Al-Hf-Cr合金的显微组织及力学性能

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2015.10.004

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摘要

以预合金化的粉末尺寸D50为3.3μm的Nb_SS固溶体相细粉末,粉末尺寸D50分别为22.1μm和23.5μm的Nb₅Si₃和Cr₂Nb化合物粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃两相合金和Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb三相合金,研究显微组织形貌、室温和高温力学性能及高温氧化性能。结果表明:两相合金的显微组织由Nb_SS基体和呈均匀岛状分布的Nb₅Si₃组成,三相合金中Nb_SS有相互连接成基体的趋势,而Nb₅Si₃和Cr₂Nb相也以块状散布在Nb_SS中。Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃两相合金和Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb三相合金的室温断裂韧性值K_Q分别达到15.1MPa·m^1/2和11.3MPa·m^1/2,室温下合金中Nb_SS相以韧窝型断裂为主,对Nb-Si基合金的室温断裂韧性有利,而Nb₅Si₃和Cr₂Nb相为脆性断裂。1250℃时Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb合金的压缩强度高于Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃合金,但当温度上升到1350℃时两者强度出现反转。Cr₂Nb相对合金高温抗氧化性能有利,1250℃下静态氧化100h时Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃合金的氧化增重为233mg/cm²,大于Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb合金的175mg/cm²。

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关键词 ： Nb-Si基合金, 放电等离子烧结, 显微组织, 力学性能, 氧化行为

Abstract：

Pre-alloyed Nb_SSsolid-solution fine powder with a D50 size of 3.3μm, pre-alloyed Nb₅Si₃ and Cr₂Nb compound powders with D50 size respectively of 22.1μm and 23.5μm were used as raw materials, and two-phase Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃ alloy and three-phase Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb alloy were fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation behavior at room and/or high temperatures were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃alloy consists of the Nb_SS matrix and the uniformly distributed Nb₅Si₃ islands. As for the Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb alloy, the Nb_SSphase tends to connect to be the matrix, while the Nb₅Si₃ and Cr₂Nb blocks scatter in the Nb_SS phase. Fracture toughness K_Q at room temperature of the two-phase and three-phase alloys are 15.0MPa·m^1/2and 11.3 MPa·m^1/2, respectively. The Nb_SS phase is found to fail in a dimple mode under bending, which is greatly beneficial to K_Q of the bulk Nb-Si based alloys; while the Nb₅Si₃ and Cr₂Nb phases fracture in a brittle mode. At 1250℃, the compressive strength of the Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb alloy is higher than that of the Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃ alloy, whereas it is contrary at 1350℃. The Cr₂Nb phase plays a positive role in oxidation resistance at high temperature. Air exposed at 1250℃ for 100h, the oxidation mass gain of Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃ alloy is 233mg/cm², greater than 175mg/cm² of the Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb alloy.

Key words： Nb-Si based alloy spark plasma sintering microstructure mechanical property oxidation behavior

收稿日期: 2014-11-15 出版日期: 2015-10-17

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51171005)

通讯作者: 沙江波 E-mail: jbsha@buaa.edu.cn

作者简介: 沙江波(1965-),男,教授,从事高温结构材料研究工作,联系地址:北京市海淀区学院路37号,北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院(100191),E-mail: jbsha@buaa.edu.cn

引用本文:

赵东阳, 刘伟, 沙江波. 放电等离子烧结制备Nb-Si-Ti-Al-Hf-Cr合金的显微组织及力学性能[J]. 材料工程, 2015, 43(10): 20-27.
Dong-yang ZHAO, Wei LIU, Jiang-bo SHA. Microstructure and Properties of Nb-Si-Ti-Al-Hf-Cr Alloys Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2015, 43(10): 20-27.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2015.10.004 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2015/V43/I10/20

Table 1 预合金化Nb_SS，Nb₅Si₃和Cr₂Nb相粉末的成分

Fig.1 预合金化粉末形貌(1)及其粒度分布(2)
(a)Nb_SS；(b)Nb₅Si₃；(c)Cr₂Nb

Fig.2 预合金化粉末的X射线衍射图谱

Fig.3 块体合金的X射线衍射图谱

Fig.4 块体合金显微组织
(a)Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃两相合金；(b)Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb三相合金

Fig.5 Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃两相合金中Nb_SS相晶粒形貌的EBSD图像
(a)及尺寸分布特征(b)

Table 2 块体合金的维氏硬度HV及室温断裂韧性K_Q(MPa·m^1/2)

Fig.6 三点弯曲实验断口形貌
(a)，(b)Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃两相合金；(c)，(d)Nb_SS/Nb₅Si₃/Cr₂Nb三相合金

Fig.7 高温压缩真应力-真应变曲线
(a)1250℃；(b)1350℃

Fig.8 块体合金1250℃/100h的氧化动力学曲线

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