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2222材料工程  2015, Vol. 43 Issue (10): 91-101    DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2015.10.015
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碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究进展
何天兵1, 胡仁伟2, 何晓磊1, 李沛勇1,*()
1 北京航空材料研究院, 北京 100095
2 总参陆航部装备发展办公室, 北京 100082
Progress in Research on Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
Tian-bing HE1, Ren-wei HU2, Xiao-lei HE1, Pei-yong LI1,*()
1 Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China
2 The Headquarters of the General Staff of the Aviation Department Equipment Development Office, Beijing 100082, China
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摘要 

碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料由于高的比强度、比模量以及优异的热、电性能在航空航天领域具有很好的应用潜力,本文在分析大量文献的基础上,评述该类材料的制备技术和界面研究进展,对其典型性能进行归纳,指出碳纳米管的分散技术以及碳管、基体之间的界面特性应该是今后本领域的重点研究方向。
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何天兵
胡仁伟
何晓磊
李沛勇
关键词 ： 碳纳米管,  金属基复合材料,  制备技术,  分散性,  界面    
Abstract：

Carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composites (CNT/MMCs) owing to high specific strength and specific elastic modulus as well as exceptional thermal and electrical properties, possess great potential in aerospace applications. Based on the analysis on the published literatures, the processing techniques and the CNT/metal interface research advances was evaluated,and some typical properties were summarized. It is pointed out that, the dispersion of carbon nanotubes, and interfacial characteristics between CNT and metal matrix would be mainly important research areas in future.
Key words： carbon nanotubes (CNTs)    metal matrix composites (MMCs)    processing technique    dispersion    interface
收稿日期: 2014-05-23      出版日期: 2015-10-17
通讯作者: 李沛勇     E-mail: pyli@vip.163.com
作者简介: 李沛勇(1967-),男,研究员,博士,主要从事金属阻尼材料、高温铝合金及铝基复合材料的研究,联系地址:北京市81信箱2分箱(100095),E-mail: pyli@vip.163.com
引用本文:   
何天兵, 胡仁伟, 何晓磊, 李沛勇. 碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2015, 43(10): 91-101.
Tian-bing HE, Ren-wei HU, Xiao-lei HE, Pei-yong LI. Progress in Research on Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2015, 43(10): 91-101.
链接本文:  
http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2015.10.015      或      http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2015/V43/I10/91
Fig.1  NSD法制备CNT/Al复合材料的工艺流程图[42]
Fig.2  搅拌摩擦法的示意图[45]
Processing technique Procedure Advantage Disadvantage
Powder metallurgy Mixing CNTs with metal powder by stirring and ball milling,followed by consolidation CNTs and metal ratio can be designed Long period
Stir casting Dispersing CNTs into molten metal by mechanical stirring and solidify to prepare a composite structure Low cost CNTs form clusters,chemical reaction at high temperature
Melt infiltration Fabricating a porous preform with dispersed CNTs,then infiltrating liquid metal into the pores No cast defects,uniform distribution of CNTs Difficult in preparing CNTs preform
Electrochemical deposition Coating CNTs with reduction of metal matrix ions in the bath Thin coatings and one dimension composites can be produced Complex composition of bath,the reaction is not well-controlled
Spray forming Spraying of CNTs and metal mixed powder onto a substrate to form a coating/deposit Rapid cooling rate,low interfacial reaction CNTs lost,porous structure and voids
Molecular-level mixing Introducing functionalized CNTs into melt-salt bath to prepare CNT-metal precursor,then drying,calcination and reduction to produce composites powder CNTs distribute homogeneously,good interfacial bonding The kinds of metal matrix are limited
Nano-scale dispersion Using elastomer to improve dispersion of CNTs in metallic powder followed by sintering and hot extrusion Uniform dispersion of CNTs and good interfacial bonding The content of CNTs is low
Friction stir process Inserting CNTs into holes or grooves on the metal matrix,then applying frictional force to weld CNT and metal together Partial reinforced composites can be prepared Heavy damage to CNTs
Table 1  CNT/MMCs的制备方法及其优缺点
Composite Processing technique E/GPa HV σ0.2/MPa σb/MPa δ/% Ref
10% CNT/Cua Molecular-level mixing,SPS 135.0 - 455 - - [39]
6% CNT/Ala Stir friction welding - 65.0 - 190.2 9.6 [45]
4% CNT/Al-4Cua Molecular-level mixing,ball milling,SPS 93.0 - 384 470.0 6.8 [60]
3% CNT/Ala Ball milling,hot rolling - - 456 571.0 6.0 [61]
3% CNT/ 2024a Ball milling,hot rolling - 255.0 780 - 2.0 [62]
2.5% CNT/Alb In-situ PM - - 276 334.0 17.9 [23]
2% CNT/Mgb Mixing,hot press and HIP 38.6 - 89 140.0 3.0 [63]
2% CNT/7055a Flake PM 88.0 - 771 820.0 5.0 [64]
1.6% CNT/Ala Nano-scale dispersion,hot extrusion - - - 230.0 6.0 [42]
1% CNT/Mg-6Zna Pre-dispersing,semisolid stirring,ultrasonically processed and squeeze casting - - 100 181.0 6.9 [29]
1% CNT/Alb Cu-coated CNTs,ball milling,sintering and hot rolling - 79.0 190 290.0 5.0 [20]
1% CNT/2024b Stirring,ball milling,CIP and hot extrusion 102.2 135.0 - 521.7 20.0 [65]
1% CNT/A356.2b SiC-coated CNTs,stirring casting 70.0 - 187 265.0 1.7 [66]
1% CNT/AZ31b Ball milling,melting and solidification - 96.6 - 210.3 8.56 [28]
0.35% CNT/Tib Functionalized CNTs,wet mixing,SPS and hot extrusion - 285.0 697 754.0 34.8 [12]
Table 2  碳纳米管/金属基复合材料的力学性能
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