单晶镍基合金的层错能及其对蠕变机制的影响

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2016.000711

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摘要

通过对合金进行不同温度层错能的计算、蠕变性能测试及位错组态的衍衬分析，研究温度对单晶镍基合金层错能和蠕变机制的影响。结果表明：合金在760℃具有较低的层错能，其蠕变期间的变形机制是〈110〉超位错剪切进入γ'相，其中，切入γ'相的位错可分解形成（1/3）〈112〉位错+（SISF）层错的位错组态。随温度的提高，合金的层错能增大，合金在1070℃蠕变期间的变形机制是〈110〉螺、刃超位错剪切进入γ'相。在980℃，合金的层错能介于760~1070℃之间，蠕变期间的主要变形机制是〈110〉螺、刃超位错剪切进入γ'相，其中，剪切进入γ'相的螺位错由{111}面交滑移至{100}面，形成（1/2）〈110〉不全位错+反向畴界（APB）的K-W锁位错组态，这种具有面角非平面芯结构的K-W锁可抑制位错的交滑移，提高合金的蠕变抗力。其中，蠕变期间较低的应变速率仅释放较少的形变热，不足以激活K-W锁中的位错在{111}面滑移，是K-W锁在980℃得以保留的主要原因。

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关键词 ：单晶镍基合金, 层错能, 蠕变, 衍衬分析, 变形机制

Abstract：

By means of calculating stacking fault energy(SFE), measuring creep properties and contrast analysis of dislocation configuration, the influence of the temperature on the stacking fault energy and the creep mechanism of a single crystal nickel-based superalloy was investigated. Results show that there is a lower stacking fault energy(SFE) of the alloy at 760℃, and the deformed mechanism of the alloy during creep is the cubical γ' phase sheared by 〈110〉 super-dislocation which may be decomposed to form the configuration of (1/3)〈112〉 super-Shockley partials dislocation plus the super-lattice intrinsic stacking fault(SISF). But the stacking fault energy of the alloy increases with temperature, so the deformed mechanism of the alloy during creep at 1070℃ is the screw or edge super-dislocation shearing into the rafted γ' phase. The SFE of the alloy at 980℃ is in the middle value of the SFEs between 760℃ and 1070℃, the main deformed mechanism of the alloy during creep is the screw or edge super-dislocation shearing into the rafted γ' phase. And some super-dislocation shearing into γ' phase may cross-slip from {111} to {100} planes to form the K-W locks configuration of (1/2)〈110〉 partials plus the anti-phase boundary(APB). The K-W locks with non plane core structure may restrain the slipping and cross-slipping of dislocations to improve the creep resistance of alloy. Wherein, the lower strain rate during creep releases too less deformed heat to activate the dislocation in the K-W locks for re-slipping on {111} plane, which is thought to be the main reason of the K-W locks kept in the alloy during creep at 980℃.

Key words： single crystal nickel-base superalloy stacking fault energy creep contrast analysis deformation mechanism

收稿日期: 2016-06-12 出版日期: 2018-10-17

中图分类号:

TG111.8

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51271125)

通讯作者: 田素贵 E-mail: tiansugui2003@163.com

作者简介: 田素贵(1952-), 男, 教授, 从事高温材料及结构表征方面的研究工作, 联系地址:贵州省毕节市贵州工程应用技术学院机械工程学院(551700), E-mail:tiansugui2003@163.com

引用本文:

闫化锦, 田素贵, 朱新杰, 于慧臣, 舒德龙, 张宝帅. 单晶镍基合金的层错能及其对蠕变机制的影响[J]. 材料工程, 2018, 46(10): 87-95.
Hua-jin YAN, Su-gui TIAN, Xin-jie ZHU, Hui-chen YU, De-long SHU, Bao-shuai ZHANG. Stacking Fault Energies of Single Crystal Nickel-based Superalloy and Its Influence on Creep Mechanism. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2018, 46(10): 87-95.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2016.000711 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2018/V46/I10/87

Table 1 Ni-Al-W三元合金中自由能在不同温度的计算值

Fig.1 Ni-6%Al-1%M合金系中γ′相在不同温度的层错能

Table 2 合金组成元素M在不同温度的当量换算系数

Fig.2 合金在不同条件测定的蠕变曲线

Fig.3 不同条件下合金蠕变断裂后的微观组织
(a)760℃/810MPa; (b)980℃/300MPa; (c)1070℃/160MPa

Fig.4 760℃/810MPa蠕变241h断裂后合金γ′相内的位错组态
(a)g=002;(b)g=020;(c)g=${\rm{\bar 1}}$1${\rm{\bar 3}}$

Fig.5 980℃/300MPa蠕变155h断裂后筏状γ′相内的位错组态
(a)g=022;(b)g=002;(c)g=020;(d)g=${\rm{\bar 1}}$1${\rm{\bar 3}}$

Fig.6 1070℃/160MPa蠕变132h断裂后合金γ′相内的位错组态
(a)g=0${\rm{\bar 2}}$2;(b)g=022;(c)g=020;(d)g=131

Fig.7 γ′相中{111}面的原子排列方式及位错分解示意图
(a)原子排列方式；(b)平面位错芯；(c)非平面位错芯

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