软材料表面形貌调控与应用研究进展

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2016.000989

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自然界不同生物表面形貌的特殊功能与作用吸引了众多学者的研究兴趣，而基于软硬材料层状复合结构的表面形貌调控近年来也成为一个研究热点。本文首先介绍了软材料表面形貌形成的几种常用方法，包括预拉伸法、热处理法、溶剂溶胀法，为表面形貌的产生提供了途径。然后对软材料表面形貌在众多工程领域，包括流体动力学、光学等方面的应用做了简介，为其更广阔的工程应用提供了借鉴。在此基础上，对表面形貌的产生方法以及软材料在表面形貌主动调控方面的应用发展趋势进行了展望。

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	汤超
	陈花玲
	李博
	刘学婧

关键词 ：软材料, 复合结构, 表面形貌, 工程应用

Abstract：

The special functions of surface morphology in nature have attracted many scholars' interest, and the control of soft-rigid composites has become a hotspot in recent years. The common soft material surface morphological formation methods, including pre-stretched method, heat treating method and swelling method, were introduced in this paper and a way for the generation of surface morphology was provided. The application of surface morphology in engineering including fluid dynamics, optics, and other fields were introduced, and some ideas for reference in wide engineering application were provided. On the basis of this, the development trend of the active control and generation method of the surface morphology was prospected.

Key words： soft material composite structure surface morphology engineering application

收稿日期: 2016-08-20 出版日期: 2018-03-20

中图分类号:

TB381

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(11402184);国家重点实验室开放课题研究基金(sklms2016003)

通讯作者: 陈花玲 E-mail: hlchen@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 陈花玲(1954-), 女, 教授, 博士, 研究方向:智能材料与结构, 联系地址:陕西省西安市咸宁西路28号西安交通大学机械工程学院(710049), E-mail:hlchen@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

汤超, 陈花玲, 李博, 刘学婧. 软材料表面形貌调控与应用研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2018, 46(3): 131-141.
Chao TANG, Hua-ling CHEN, Bo LI, Xue-jing LIU. Research Progress in Tunable Surface Morphology in Soft Materials and Applications. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2018, 46(3): 131-141.

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http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2016.000989 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2018/V46/I3/131

Fig.1 三种典型的表面形貌^[25] (a)褶皱；(b)折叠；(c)折痕

Fig.2 机械拉伸释放并经氧化处理形成的褶皱^[36] (a)制作流程；(b)交替拉伸释放；(c)同时拉伸释放

Fig.3 DE电致变形原理及褶皱现象(a) DE材料平面驱动器结构的电致变形过程；(b)DE材料电致变形引起的褶皱

Fig.4 软材料表面形貌的主动控制^[46] (a)实验设置；(b)不同电压下的折痕形貌

Fig.5 水凝胶表面褶皱

Fig.6 去离子水诱导聚PHEMA水凝胶膜产生不同的褶皱形貌上图为彩色图，下图为灰度图^[50]

Table 1 表面形貌的应用^[1]

Fig.7 流场主动控制^[8] (a)原始状态；(b)抽真空后的状态；(c)流场示意图；(d)不同真空压力下雷诺数与流阻的关系

Fig.8 透明度主动控制^[78] (a)结构示意图；(b)结构变形示意图；(c)通电前；(d)通电后

Fig.9 颜色主动调控^[84] (a)章鱼变色机理示意图；(b)弹性体薄膜在单轴拉伸下变色

Fig.10 电致变形原理示意图^[84] (a)实验设置及变形机理；(b)不同电压下的荧光图像

Fig.11 表面黏附力的主动调节^[89] (a)拉伸状态；(b)释放状态

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