颗粒增强金属基复合材料的强化机理研究现状

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2016.001214

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摘要

本文总结了较低颗粒体积分数（≤ 14%）的颗粒增强金属基复合材料中主要存在的Orowan强化应力、位错强化应力、颗粒承载强化应力和其他强化应力的理论研究现状，以及各项强化应力之间的耦合关系。得出以下结论：（1）降低颗粒尺寸、提高颗粒体积分数和提高颗粒分布均匀性能够同时提高Orowan强化应力和位错强化应力，提高颗粒体积分数还能够提高颗粒承载强化应力；（2）采用微观非均匀分布的颗粒包围金属基体的材料设计方法，通过提高颗粒承载强化应力和提供塑性形变区，能够进一步提高复合材料屈服强度和延展性；（3）晶界强化效应和晶格摩擦应力对复合材料屈服强度也有贡献，但较少通过增强这两项强化效应提高复合材料屈服强度，通常可忽略复合材料中的固溶强化效应；（4）各项强化应力的耦合关系存在线性叠加、乘积叠加和均方根叠加3种形式。线性叠加和乘积叠加适用于纳米颗粒增强金属基复合材料，其中乘积叠加关系应用效果更好；均方根叠加主要应用于微米级颗粒增强金属基复合材料。

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	叶想平
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	刘仓理

关键词 ：颗粒增强金属基复合材料, 强化机理, Orowan强化, 位错强化, 颗粒承载强化

Abstract：

The research status on theoretic models and the coupling relationships of Orowan strengthening, dislocation strengthening, load-bearing effect of the reinforcement strengthening and others strengthening are successfully described in this study for particle-reinforced metal matrix composites(MMCs) with a volume fraction lower than 14%. Some conclusions can be obtained:Orowan strengthening and dislocation strengthening stress can be enhanced by increasing volume fraction, decreasing size of reinforcement and improving homogeneous distribution of reinforcement, load-bearing strengthening stress can also be enhanced by increasing volume fraction; yield strength and ductibility of MMCs can be enhanced much more by increasing load-bearing strengthening stress and plastic deformation region and adopting the material design method of metal matrix surrounded by particles with microstructural inhomogenous distribution; grain boundary strengthening and Peierls-Nabarro stress can also affect the yield strength of MMCs as a part of matrix strengthening, solid solution strengthening can be ignored usually; there are three coupling relationships for the sum strengthening contributions:linear summation, multiplicative combination and the root of the sum of the squares. The linear summation and multiplicative combination can be applied to nanoparticle-reinforced MMCs, the linear summation is generally applicable in the case when there are few factors influencing the strength, the multiplicative combination is the most commonly used method. The root of the sum of the squares is applied to micronparticle-reinforced MMCs.

Key words： particle-reinforced metal matrix composites strengthening mechanism Orowan strengthening dislocation strengthening load-bearing strengthening

收稿日期: 2016-10-13 出版日期: 2018-12-18

中图分类号:

TN249

基金资助:中国工程物理研究院双百人才基金(038530)

通讯作者: 刘仓理 E-mail: cangliliu@sohu.com

作者简介: 刘仓理(1961-), 男, 研究员, 博士, 研究方向:冲击动力学, 联系地址:四川省绵阳市中国工程物理研究院院机关(621999), E-mail:cangliliu@sohu.com

引用本文:

叶想平, 李英雷, 翁继东, 蔡灵仓, 刘仓理. 颗粒增强金属基复合材料的强化机理研究现状[J]. 材料工程, 2018, 46(12): 28-37.
Xiang-ping YE, Ying-lei LI, Ji-dong WENG, Ling-cang CAI, Cang-li LIU. Research Status on Strengthening Mechanism of Particle-reinforced Metal Matrix Composites. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2018, 46(12): 28-37.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2016.001214 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2018/V46/I12/28

Fig.1 位错绕行通过增强颗粒示意图^[34]

Table 1 Orowan方程参数计算式

Table 2 铝和氧化铝颗粒性能参数表^[25]

Fig.2 球形颗粒体积分数与Orowan强化应力理论值的关系

Fig.3 增强铝屈服强度和Orowan强化应力与球形氧化铝颗粒体积分数关系^[33]

Fig.4 SiC纳米颗粒均匀分布于Mg₂Zn基体扫描电镜图^[3]

Fig.5 Mg₂Zn合金室温压缩应力-应变曲线^[3]

Fig.6 不同体积分数的Al/Al₂O₃-B₄C增强铝屈服强度^[25]

Fig.7 球形颗粒尺寸与Orowan强化应力关系图

Fig.8 颗粒尺寸不均匀示意图

Fig.9 弹性性能与颗粒体积分数关系^[50]

Fig.10 颗粒微观非均匀分布的4种组织结构示意图^{[27, 51]}

Fig.11 颗粒呈网络状分布的增强铝复合材料^[53] (a)扫描电镜显微图; (b)准静态拉伸应力-应变曲线

Fig.12 准连续颗粒增强金属基复合材料示意图^[27]

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