焊接参数对铁素体不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能的影响

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2017.001455

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摘要

对4mm厚T4003铁素体不锈钢进行搅拌摩擦焊接工艺实验，研究焊接参数对接头组织特征、硬度分布及常温和低温冲击韧性的影响。结果表明：接头搅拌区和热力影响区由铁素体和马氏体双相组织构成；接头搅拌区组织沿试样厚度方向存在非均质性，且随转速的降低及焊接速率的增加越发显著；转速从150r/min增加至250r/min，前进侧热力影响区组织呈现小梯度过渡趋势，无明显变形拉长特征。焊缝硬度分布相对均匀，其最高硬度为290HV，约为母材的1.87倍。焊接参数和温度对接头的冲击吸收功有较大影响：常温（20℃）下，热影响区为母材的90%~92%，搅拌区为母材的85%~103%；低温（-20℃）下，热影响区为母材的87%~97%，搅拌区为母材的82%~95%，表明焊缝区仍具有较好强韧匹配。

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	唐文珅
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	李会军

关键词 ：搅拌摩擦焊, 铁素体不锈钢, 微观组织, 冲击韧性

Abstract：

Friction stir welding(FSW) was performed for 4mm thick T4003 ferritic stainless steel(FSS) with different welding parameters. The effect of welding parameters on microstructure, hardness distribution, and impact toughness of FS-welded joints at room temperature and low temperature was investigated. The results show that the stir zone(SZ) and the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) consist of duplex structure of ferrite and martensite. The SZ is heterogeneous along the thickness of the joint and this trend gets more obvious with the decrease of rotational speed and increase of welding speed. In the heat affected zone(HAZ) of the advancing side, the microstructure transits smoothly and no obvious characteristics of deformation and elongation as the rotational speed increases to 250r/min from 150r/min. The hardness distribution of the weld is relatively uniform and the maximum hardness is 290HV, approximately 1.87 times than that of the base material(BM). The welding parameters and temperature exert great effect on the impact absorbing energy of the welded joint. The impact absorbing energy of HAZ and SZ are up to 90%-92%, and 85%-103% of BM, respectively, at room temperature(20℃). While at low temperature(-20℃), the impact absorbing energy of HAZ and SZ reaches 87%-97%, and 82%-95% of BM, respectively. It shows that the weld zone still has better matching between strength and toughness.

Key words： friction stir welding ferritic stainless steel microstructure impact toughness

收稿日期: 2017-11-24 出版日期: 2019-05-17

中图分类号:

TG453⁺.9

基金资助:国际热核聚变实验堆（ITER）计划专项(2015GB119001)

通讯作者: 杨新岐 E-mail: xqyang@tju.edu.cn

作者简介: 杨新岐(1962-), 男, 教授, 博士, 主要研究方向为材料加工工程、固相摩擦焊接技术及焊接结构完整性评定, 联系地址:天津市津南区海河教育园区天津大学材料科学与工程学院(300354), E-mail:xqyang@tju.edu.cn

引用本文:

唐文珅, 杨新岐, 李胜利, 李会军. 焊接参数对铁素体不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能的影响[J]. 材料工程, 2019, 47(5): 115-121.
Wen-shen TANG, Xin-qi YANG, Sheng-li LI, Hui-jun LI. Effect of welding parameters on microstructure and properties of friction stir welded joints for ferritic stainless steel. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2019, 47(5): 115-121.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2017.001455 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2019/V47/I5/115

Table 1 T4003不锈钢的化学成分(质量分数/%)

Fig.1 冲击试样尺寸
(a)热影响区; (b)搅拌区

Fig.2 T4003不锈钢FSW接头宏观形貌(250r/min，120mm/min)

Fig.3 T4003不锈钢FSW接头金相图(1)和SEM图(2)(250r/min，120mm/min)
(a)搅拌区; (b)热力影响区; (c)母材

Fig.4 T4003不锈钢FSW接头搅拌区显微组织
(a)顶部；(b)中部；
(1)150r/min, 80mm/min; (2)150r/min, 120mm/min; (3)250r/min, 80mm/min; (4)250r/min, 120mm/min

Table 2 焊接接头SZ晶粒平均尺寸

Fig.5 T4003不锈钢FSW接头前进侧TMAZ过渡区金相显微组织
(a)150r/min, 80mm/min; (b)150r/min, 120mm/min; (c)250r/min, 120mm/min

Fig.6 T4003不锈钢FSW接头显微硬度分布
(a)沿横截面横向中线；(b)沿横截面竖向中线

Table 3 T4003不锈钢FSW接头冲击吸收功

Fig.7 T4003不锈钢FSW接头冲击断口形貌(150r/min，120mm/min)
(a)BM(20℃)；(b)HAZ(20℃)；(c)HAZ(-20℃)；(d)SZ(20℃)；(e)SZ(-20℃)

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