碳纳米管纤维力-电耦合效应的实验研究

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2017.001609

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摘要

CNT纤维是由沿轴向排列的高度取向的数十万根碳纳米管加捻组装而成。以实验方法研究CNT纤维在拉伸载荷与电流共同作用下的力学性质。实验结果表明，电流的引入会使纤维的模量和断裂强度显著降低。纤维在有电流通过时会产生轴向电致收缩力，电流强度越大，电致收缩力越大，在5mA时的收缩力约为2.5mN。将纤维轴向拉伸到2%应变，经过应力松弛使载荷趋于平稳后，首次通入电流或加大电流的强度，发现纤维的张力明显下降，主要原因是纤维模量变化引起的应力下降大于电致收缩力。在一定强度的电流下将纤维轴向拉伸到2%应变，经过应力松弛使载荷趋于平稳，然后改为通入相同强度的交流电流时，发现电致收缩力的响应很敏捷，当交流电流变化400个周期后，电致收缩力依然展现出较好的变化规律，这可使得CNT纤维作为新型电致驱动材料。

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	刘扶庆
	刘夏
	杨庆生

关键词 ：碳纳米管纤维, 力-电耦合, 力学性质, 电致收缩力, 电致驱动

Abstract：

CNT fibers are composed of millions of highly aligned CNTs. The mechanical properties of CNT fibers when passing through different intensities of currents were investigated experimentally. The experimental results show that the introduction of current can obviously reduce the modulus and breaking strength of the fibers. When the current passes through the fibers, an axial electro-contraction force is produced, the electro-contraction force is increased with the increase of current intensity, the electro-contraction force at 5mA is about 2.5mN. By stretching the fiber to the 2% strain axially, after 1000s of the stress relaxation, the load tends to be stable, then switch on current or increase the current intensity, it is found that the tension of the fiber is obviously decreased due to the decrease of the stress caused by the change of modulus is greater than the increase of electric-contraction force. Stretching the fiber axially to 2% strain when passing through a certain intensity of current, after the stress relaxation, the load tends to be stable, then the same intensity of AC current is passed through, the response of the electro-contraction force is very quick.When the AC current changes experience 400 cycles, electro-contraction force exhibits good change, which makes the CNT-fibers as a new type of electro-actuation material.

Key words： CNT-fiber electro-mechanical coupling mechanical property electro-contraction force electro-actuation characteristic

收稿日期: 2017-12-26 出版日期: 2018-09-19

中图分类号:

TB332

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(11502007);国家自然科学基金项目(11472020);国家自然科学基金项目(11632005)

通讯作者: 杨庆生 E-mail: qsyang@bjut.edu.cn

作者简介: 杨庆生(1962-), 男, 教授, 博士, 从事专业:新型材料和结构的力学问题, 联系地址:北京市朝阳区北京工业大学机电学院(100124), E-mail:qsyang@bjut.edu.cn

引用本文:

刘扶庆, 刘夏, 杨庆生. 碳纳米管纤维力-电耦合效应的实验研究[J]. 材料工程, 2018, 46(9): 31-38.
Fu-qing LIU, Xia LIU, Qing-sheng YANG. Experimental Research on Electro-mechanical Coupling Effects of Carbon Nanotubes Fibers. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2018, 46(9): 31-38.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2017.001609 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2018/V46/I9/31

Fig.1 CNT纤维及其表面形貌
(a)CNT宏观纤维；(b)CNT纤维的表面形貌

Fig.2 试样制备中用到的粘接剂
(a)导电银浆；(b) HY-914快速粘接剂

Fig.3 CNT纤维力-电耦合试样及测试系统

Fig.4 实验设备
(a)波形发生器；(b)agilent T150 UTM微纳米拉伸仪

Table 1 不同电流强度下CNT纤维拉伸断裂强度、模量及其离散系数

Fig.5 电流强度分别为0, 2.5, 3.5, 5mA时的CNT纤维单次拉伸载荷-应变曲线(a)0mA; (b)2.5mA; (c)3.5mA; (d)5mA

Fig.6 通入0(a), 2.5(b), 3.5(c), 5mA(d)电流时的循环载荷-应变曲线(初始应变为0.005，应变增量为0.002)

Fig.7 当交替接通0mA和5mA电流时的CNT纤维单次轴向拉伸的载荷-应变曲线

Fig.8 CNT纤维在应力松弛后依次通入不同电流强度的载荷-时间曲线

Fig.9 CNT纤维在应力松弛阶段控制同一电流通断时的载荷-时间曲线

Fig.10 电致伸缩力与所施加电流的关系

Fig.11 纤维通入电流后轴向收缩的示意图

Fig.12 CNT纤维在应力松弛阶段通入交流电流后对应的载荷-时间曲线

Fig.13 CNT纤维在应力松弛阶段通入交流电流后对应的载荷-时间曲线

Fig.14 图 12中通入交流电流后的前5个周期和195~200个周期所对应的载荷-时间曲线

Fig.15 图 13中通入交流电流后的前8个周期和395~400个周期所对应的载荷-时间曲线

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