湿热环境对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响及其损伤机理

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2018.000307

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摘要

采用加速吸湿法研究经3种湿热环境（湿度为85% RH，温度分别为25，70，85℃）处理后CFRP层合板的吸湿特性，对吸湿前后的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）层合板分别进行拉伸、压缩、剪切实验，研究其力学性能变化规律，利用扫描电镜和红外光谱分析湿热环境中CFRP层板的损伤机理，最后采用最小二乘法拟合提出湿热环境下CFRP层合板力学性能的预测公式。结果表明：CFRP层合板的吸湿初期特性符合Fick定律；相同湿度下环境温度越高，CFRP的吸湿速率和平衡吸湿率越大，达到吸湿平衡所需时的间越长；3种湿热环境处理后的CFRP层板的90°拉伸和剪切力学性能下降最明显；经湿热环境处理后水分子通过氢键与环氧树脂发生缔合，但CFRP层合板中的各组分未发生化学结构变化；拟合建立的不同湿热条件下力学性能衰退公式与实验结果基本一致。

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	杨旭东
	安涛
	邹田春
	巩天琛

关键词 ： CFRP, 湿热, 力学性能, 损伤机理, 强度预测

Abstract：

The moisture absorption properties of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates treated with three kinds of hygrothermal environments (relative humidity 85% RH, temperature 25, 70, 85℃ respectively) were investigated by accelerated moisture absorption method. Tensile, compressive and shear tests were carried out to study the effect of hygrothermal conditions on the mechanical behavior of CFRP laminates. Meanwhile, the damage mechanism of CFRP laminates in hygrothermal environment was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Finally, a formula which could predict the mechanical properties of CFRP laminates in hygrothermal environments was proposed by least square method. The results show that the moisture absorption characteristics of CFRP laminates in preliminary stage accords with Fick's law well. At the same humidity, the CFRP's moisture absorption speeds, the moisture saturation contents and times are increased with the increment of the environmental temperature. The mechanical properties of CFRP laminates in 90°tensile test and shear test are decreased most obviously. Water molecules are associated with epoxy resin through hydrogen bonds after the treatment in hygrothermal environment, however, there is no chemical structure change in the components of the CFRP laminate. The formula of mechanical performance degradation under different hygrothermal conditions is basically consistent with the experimental results.

Key words： CFRP hygrothermal mechanical property damage mechanism strength prediction

收稿日期: 2018-03-22 出版日期: 2019-07-19

中图分类号:

TB332

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51531004);国家自然科学基金项目(51301198);天津市教委科研计划项目(2018KJ255)

通讯作者: 邹田春 E-mail: zoutianchun@126.com

作者简介: 邹田春(1976-), 男, 副教授, 博士, 研究方向为复合材料制备与性能, 联系地址:天津市中国民航大学民用航空器适航审定技术与管理研究中心(300300), zoutianchun@126.com

引用本文:

杨旭东, 安涛, 邹田春, 巩天琛. 湿热环境对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响及其损伤机理[J]. 材料工程, 2019, 47(7): 84-91.
Xu-dong YANG, Tao AN, Tian-chun ZOU, Tian-chen GONG. Effect of hygrothermal environment on mechanical properties and damage mechanism of CFRP. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2019, 47(7): 84-91.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2018.000307 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2019/V47/I7/84

Fig.1 CFRP层板在湿度85%RH不同温度下的吸湿曲线

Table 1 不同湿热环境下试样达到吸湿饱和所用时间及饱和吸湿率

Fig.2 在不同吸湿状态后CFRP层合板的力学性能(a)拉伸强度；(b)压缩强度；(c)纵横剪切强度

Fig.3 CFRP层板经不同湿热环境处理后的红外光谱图

Fig.4 CFRP层合板在不同吸湿状态后不同方向的拉伸断口SEM图
(a)25℃吸湿饱和，0°方向；(b)70℃吸湿饱和，0°方向；(c), (d)干燥状态，90°方向；(e), (f)85℃吸湿饱和，90°方向

Fig.5 CFRP层合板在不同吸湿状态后不同方向的压缩断口SEM图
(a)25℃吸湿饱和，0°方向；(b)85℃吸湿饱和，0°方向；(c)25℃吸湿饱和，90°方向；(d)85℃吸湿饱和，90°方向

Table 2 CFRP层板的环境等效作用时间

Table 3 参数数值解

Fig.6 不同湿热条件下实验值与公式预测值对比
(a)0°拉伸强度; (b)90°拉伸强度; (c)0°压缩强度; (d)90°压缩强度; (e)纵横剪切强度

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