负泊松比超材料和结构

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2019.000391

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摘要

负泊松比超材料和结构具有优异的抗剪切性能、抗冲击性能、抗断裂性能、吸能隔振、渗透率可变性能、曲面同向性等力学性能，在航空航天、航海、机械自动化、生物医疗、国防军事、纺织工业等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文从负泊松比超材料和结构的变形机理出发，综述了内凹结构、旋转刚体结构、手性/反手性结构、纤维/节点结构、折纸结构、褶皱结构、弯曲-诱导结构、螺旋纱线结构等物理模型，这些模型具有广泛的适用性，可运用于轻质夹层板、流体输送、纱线等工程应用，有利于改善结构的使用性能。最后，本文对负泊松比超材料和结构未来的挑战和在航空航天、军事等领域的应用进行了展望，指出利用负泊松比逆转了正泊松比对单轴应力引起的体积和面积变化的补偿效应可有效改善发动机叶片、深空天线以及汽车吸能盒等关键构件的抗冲击性能等，以期为负泊松比超材料和结构的推广应用提供参考。

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	高玉魁

关键词 ：负泊松比超材料, 负泊松比, 力学性能, 变形机理, 应用

Abstract：

Auxetic metamaterials and structures have excellent mechanical properties such as shear resistance, impact resistance, fracture resistance, energy absorption and vibration isolation, permeability variability, synclastic curvature in bending, etc. Auxetic metamaterials have broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace, navigation, mechanical automation, biomedicine, national defense and military and textile industry. Based on the deformation mechanism of auxetic metamaterials and structure, the physical models of re-entrant mechanism, rotating rigid mechanism, chiral/antichiral mechanism, fibril/nodule mechanism, miura-folded mechanism, buckling-induced mechanism, helical auxetic yarn structure were reviewed. These models can be widely applied in various engineering applications such as light laminated plates, fluid transportation and yarn to improve their properties. Finally, prospects to the upcoming challenges and progress trends of auxetic metamaterials and structures are made.It is pointed out that the application of negative Poisson's ratio effect can help compensate the change of volume and area under the deformation of uniaxial loading. Then the shock resistance of turbine blade, antenna and car suction box can be improved. As a result, this review can provide benefits for the development of auxetic metamaterials.

Key words： auxetic metamaterials negative Poisson's ratio mechanical property deformation mechanism application

收稿日期: 2019-04-27 出版日期: 2021-05-21

中图分类号:

TB381

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(11372226)

通讯作者: 高玉魁 E-mail: yukuigao@tongji.edu.cn

作者简介: 高玉魁(1973-), 男, 教授, 博士, 研究方向为疲劳断裂与表层改性等, 联系地址: 上海市杨浦区彰武路100号同济大学彰武路校区材料科学与工程学院(201804), yukuigao@tongji.edu.cn

引用本文:

高玉魁. 负泊松比超材料和结构[J]. 材料工程, 2021, 49(5): 38-47.
Yu-kui GAO. Auxetic metamaterials and structures. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2021, 49(5): 38-47.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2019.000391 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V49/I5/38

Fig.1 冲击载荷下的变形机理^[8]
(a)正泊松比材料；(b)负泊松比超材料

Fig.2 弯曲变形模式^[17] (a)传统材料；(b)负泊松比超材料

Fig.3 二维内凹六边形蜂窝结构^{[9, 17]}
(a)单元几何构型；(b)变形前；(c)变形后

Fig.4 旋转刚体结构^[34]
(a)正方形；(b)矩形；(c)反矩形；(d)双平方；(e)三角形；(f)等腰三角形；(g)双三角形；(h)六边形-三角形

Fig.5 典型纤维/节点结构^[38] (a)用于液晶聚合物的单原纤型结构模型(束型)；(b)具有矩形节点的多原纤结构；(c)圆形结点(网络型)

Fig.6 弯曲-诱导结构^[41-42] (a)2D圆形图案及其变形；(b)3D巴基球结构及其变形；(c)圆柱体

Fig.7 纱线结构^[43] (a)变形前；(b)变形后；(c)负泊松比纱线织物

Fig.8 其他负泊松比超材料结构^[44-50]
(a)四爪结构；(b)联锁六边形模型；(c)交错肋结构；(d)三维节连杆结构；(e)六面体结构；(f)穿孔板结构

Table 1 负泊松比超材料应用

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