激光选区熔化成形制备高强Al-Mg-Sc合金的组织与性能

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2019.000487

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摘要

通过综合分析硬度、电导率与拉伸性能等宏观特性及微观形貌特征，探讨激光选区熔化成形（selective laser melting，SLM）工艺参数与后期时效处理对SLM制备Al-3.4Mg-1.08Sc合金的微观组织、过饱和度及第二相析出行为的影响机理。利用致密度与硬度的变化规律，最终优化得到最佳的SLM工艺参数与时效制度。结果表明：实验制备的Al-Mg-Sc合金的微观组织由超细等轴晶及其周围相对较粗的柱状晶组成，合金在金相显微镜下可观察到熔池堆叠的形貌特征；Al-Mg-Sc合金在基板温度35℃下最佳的SLM制备工艺为扫描速率1600 mm/s、激光功率370 W。300℃下最佳时效时长为12 h，经过峰时效处理后实验合金的屈服强度可达479.0 MPa。在SLM快速冷却条件下，Al-Mg-Sc合金内部形成过饱和固溶体，在制备与热处理过程中析出大量的纳米级Al₃（Sc，Zr）粒子，使得Al-Mg-Sc合金具备优异的力学性能；细晶强化与第二相强化是SLM制备Al-Mg-Sc合金展现出优异性能的主要原因。

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	宋立奇
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	叶大萌
	李梦佳
	连娟

关键词 ：激光选区熔化, Al-Mg-Sc合金, 致密度, 显微组织, 力学性能, 时效处理

Abstract：

By comprehensive analysis of macroscopic characteristics of hardness, electrical conductivity and tensile properties and features of microcosmic morphology, the influence mechanism of process parameters of laser selective melting and following aging treatment on the microstructure, supersaturated solid solution and second-phase precipitation behavior of Al-3.4Mg-1.08Sc alloy fabricated by SLM was discussed. By utilizing the change rules of density and hardness, finally the optimum SLM process parameters and aging system were obtained.The results show that the microstructure of the Al-Mg-Sc alloy fabricated in this experiment is composed of ultrafine equiaxed grains and relatively coarser columnar grains around. The optimal fabrication parameter of Al-Mg-Sc alloy fabricated at platform temperature of 35 ℃ is conducted with scanning speed of 1600 mm/s, laser power of 370 W. The optimum aging time is 12 h at 300 ℃, the yield strength of studied alloy can reach 479.0 MPa through peak aging treatment. Under rapid cooling rate of SLM process, supersaturated solid solution is formed in Al-Mg-Sc alloy, and a large number of nanometer Al₃(Sc, Zr) particles are precipitated during the fabrication and heat treatment process, which makes the Al-Mg-Sc alloy present excellent potential of mechanical properties. The fine grain strengthening and the second phase strengthening are the main factors for exhibiting properties of Al-Mg-Sc alloy fabricated by SLM.

Key words： selective laser melting Al-Mg-Sc alloy density microstructure mechanical property aging treatment

收稿日期: 2019-05-24 出版日期: 2020-11-20

中图分类号:

TG146.2⁺1

基金资助:中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2018M632796);河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(19A430024)

通讯作者: 史运嘉 E-mail: yunjiashi@zzu.edu.cn

作者简介: 史运嘉(1992-), 女, 讲师, 博士, 研究方向:高性能铝合金, 联系地址:河南省郑州市二七区郑州大学南校区物理学院(450052), E-mail:yunjiashi@zzu.edu.cn

引用本文:

宋立奇, 史运嘉, 蔡彬, 叶大萌, 李梦佳, 连娟. 激光选区熔化成形制备高强Al-Mg-Sc合金的组织与性能[J]. 材料工程, 2020, 48(11): 124-130.
Li-qi SONG, Yun-jia SHI, Bin CAI, Da-meng YE, Meng-jia LI, Juan LIAN. Microstructure and properties of high-strength Al-Mg-Sc alloys fabricated by selective laser melting. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2020, 48(11): 124-130.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2019.000487 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2020/V48/I11/124

Table 1 合金的化学成分(质量分数/%)

Fig.1 Al-3.4Mg-1.08Sc合金粉末的二次电子像与粒径统计图
(a)形貌；(b)尺寸分布

Fig.2 扫描速率为1600 mm/s时合金的BSE形貌

Fig.3 扫描速率为1600 mm/s时合金的SEM图像与面扫描结果
(a)SEM图像；(b)Cu；(c)Mg；(d)Fe；(e)Al；(f)Sc；(g)Zr；(h)Mn

Fig.4 扫描速率为800 mm/s时合金的BSE形貌及检测位置
(a)熔池中心; (b)熔池底部

Table 2 扫描速率为800 mm/s时合金的EDX能谱结果(质量分数/%)

Fig.5 不同扫描速率下的合金相对密度

Fig.6 不同扫描速率下合金的表面孔隙形貌
(a)800 mm/s; (b)1200 mm/s；(c)1600 mm/s；(d)2400 mm/s; (e)3000 mm/s

Fig.7 不同扫描速率下合金的硬度

Fig.8 不同扫描速率下合金的时效硬化曲线与时效电导率曲线
(a)硬化曲线；(b)电导率曲线

Table 3 扫描速率为1200 mm/s时合金时效处理前后拉伸性能

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