电沉积ZnO纳米柱的光学带隙与非辐射复合

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000215

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摘要

为实现ZnO纳米柱阵列材料在新型纳米结构化太阳能电池中的应用, 需要对纳米柱的几何形貌与光电特性进行调控。ZnO纳米柱阵列材料的制备方法为电化学沉积方法。通过在生长溶液中使用In(NO₃)₃和NH₄NO₃, 实现了对纳米柱的直径、阵列密度、柱间距、光学带隙、近带边发射、斯托克斯位移等物理性质的调控。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、分光光度计、光致发光测试仪对样品的形貌、晶体性质、透射反射性质、光致发光性质进行测试与表征。结果表明, 使用NH₄NO₃将紧密排列的ZnO纳米柱阵列密度降低了51%, 导致柱间距增大至超过100 nm, 同时可将纳米柱的直径降低至22 nm。使用In(NO₃)₃使ZnO纳米柱的光学带隙展宽100 meV。通过NH₄NO₃的使用可在3.41 eV至3.55 eV范围内调控带隙。由于NH₄NO₃的引入, ZnO纳米柱的斯托克斯位移可降低至19 meV, 表明NH₄NO₃的引入能够有效地抑制纳米柱阵列中的非辐射复合。

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	汤洋

关键词 ：氧化锌, 硝酸铵, 硝酸铟, 电沉积, 光学带隙, 非辐射复合

Abstract：

In order to achieve the applications of the ZnO nanorod arrays in the novel nanostructured solar cells, it is necessary to tailor and control the nanorods' morphological, optical and electrical properties. The ZnO nanorods arrays were fabricated by electrodeposition. The physical properties such as the diameter, density, distance, optical band gap energy, near band emission and Stokes shift can be adjusted by the use of In(NO₃)₃ and NH₄NO₃.The characterizations such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectrometer and photoluminescence were used to measure the samples' morphology, crystal property, transmission and reflection and photoluminescence properties. According to the measurement results, the ZnO nanorod arrays' density is reduced to 5.9×10⁹ cm^-2 and the distance between nanorods is enlarged to 108 nm by using NH₄NO₃. The nanorods' diameter is decreased to 22 nm. The use of In(NO₃)₃ leads to the blue shift of the ZnO nanorods' optical band gap energy by 100 meV. The optical band gap energy is further tailored between 3.41 eV and 3.55 eV by using NH₄NO₃. The ZnO nanorods' Stokes shift can be decreased to 19 meV by using NH₄NO₃, resulting in the effective suppression of the non-radiative recombination.

Key words： ZnO ammonium nitrate indium nitrate electrodeposition optical band gap non-radiative recombination

收稿日期: 2020-03-17 出版日期: 2022-03-19

中图分类号:

TM23

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(61404007);北京市优秀人才培养拔尖自然科学资助项目(2015000021223ZK38)

通讯作者: 汤洋 E-mail: yang.tang.a@chnenergy.com.cn

作者简介: 汤洋(1983—)，男，高级工程师，博士，研究方向为太阳能电池与光伏建筑一体化，联系地址：北京市昌平区未来科学城国家能源集团科技创新园区202楼305室(102211)，E-mail: yang.tang.a@chnenergy.com.cn

引用本文:

汤洋. 电沉积ZnO纳米柱的光学带隙与非辐射复合[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(3): 90-97.
Yang TANG. Optical gap energy of eletrodeposited ZnO nanorods and its non-radiative recombination. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(3): 90-97.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000215 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I3/90

Fig.1 ZnO纳米柱的扫描电镜图片
(a)样品1；(b)样品2；(c)样品3；(d)样品4；(e)样品5；(1)俯视；(2)侧视

Table 1 ZnO纳米柱的几何形貌数据

Fig.2 AZO薄膜及样品1~5的X射线衍射图谱

Fig.3 样品1~5的透射光谱及光学带隙拟合图谱

Fig.4 样品1~5的反射光谱

Fig.5 ZnO纳米柱样品的室温光致发光图谱

Fig.6 ZnO纳米柱样品的室温光致发光图谱在300~470 nm范围的高斯拟合结果
(a)样品1;(b)样品2;(c)样品3;(d)样品4;(e)样品5

Table 2 ZnO纳米柱样品的近带边发射峰位和斯托克斯位移

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