热氧老化作用对丁腈橡胶力学性能和摩擦学行为的影响

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000426

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摘要

对丁腈橡胶在热氧环境下进行了加速老化及老化状态下的摩擦学性能实验，在不同温度和时间的老化实验基础上，利用静态拉伸试验机、SEM、EDS和3D光学轮廓等方法考察了老化前后及程度对橡胶力学性能、摩擦学性能随老化温度和时间的变化情况，探讨了丁腈橡胶热氧老化后的性能衰退、磨损表面微观形貌变化和磨损机制演变行为。结果表明：老化温度和时间对橡胶力学性能有重要影响；橡胶伸长率以及断裂应力随老化时间的延长逐渐降低，且随老化温度的提高，温度小幅增加会导致力学性能显著下降；橡胶硬度对温度的变化更敏感，邵氏硬度演变曲线随温度的增加由低速线性变更为先快后慢式增长；因老化程度的不同，将橡胶老化的演变规律划分为A，B，C 3个区域，区域间的损伤机制呈现差异化，磨损机制由黏着磨损逐渐转变为磨粒磨损或疲劳、磨粒共存的损伤机制。

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	李波
	李圣鑫
	张执南
	张坚
	熊光耀
	沈明学

关键词 ：丁腈橡胶, 热氧老化, 老化机理, 力学性能, 磨损机制转变

Abstract：

Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) was conducted with accelerated aging under the thermo-oxidative environment, a test on the tribological performance of aged NBR was carried out using UMT-3 tribo-tester. Based on an aging test at the various aging time and different aging temperatures. The static tensile tester, SEM, EDS, and 3D optical profilometer were used to investigate the changes of rubber mechanical properties and tribological properties with aging temperature and time before and after aging. The performance degradation of the NBR after thermo-oxidative aging, the microscopic morphology of the worn surface, and the evolution of the wear mechanism were discussed. Results demonstrate that the aging temperature and aging time have a substantial influence on the mechanical properties of the rubber. The elongation at break and fracture stress are gradually decreased with the extension of aging time. With an increase in the aging temperature, a small increase in temperature will cause a significant decrease in mechanical properties. Shore hardness of the rubber is more sensitive to the aging temperature changes. With the increasing temperature, the growth rate of shore hardness is changed from low to first fast and then slow. The evolution trends of rubber aging are dividing into three areas: A, B, and C because of different aging degrees, and there are different damage mechanisms between various areas. The wear mechanism gradually changes from adhesive wear to abrasive wear, or fatigue and abrasive wear exist together.

Key words： acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber thermo-oxidative aging aging mechanism mechanical property transformation of wear mechanism

收稿日期: 2020-05-12 出版日期: 2021-05-21

中图分类号:

TB34

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(51965019);国家自然科学基金(51775503);江西省自然科学基金(20192BAB206026);中国博士后科学基金(2017M620152);中国博士后科学基金(2018T110392);江西省研究生创新专项资金(YC2019-S253)

通讯作者: 沈明学 E-mail: shenmingxue@126.com; shenmingxue@zjut.edu.cn

作者简介: 沈明学(1982-), 男, 教授, 博士, 研究方向为橡塑摩擦学及轮轨表面工程, 联系地址: 江西省南昌市昌北经开区双港东大街808号华东交通大学材料科学与工程学院(330013), shenmingxue@126.com; shenmingxue@zjut.edu.cn

引用本文:

李波, 李圣鑫, 张执南, 张坚, 熊光耀, 沈明学. 热氧老化作用对丁腈橡胶力学性能和摩擦学行为的影响[J]. 材料工程, 2021, 49(5): 114-121.
Bo LI, Sheng-xin LI, Zhi-nan ZHANG, Jian ZHANG, Guang-yao XIONG, Ming-xue SHEN. Effect of thermo-oxidative aging on mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2021, 49(5): 114-121.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000426 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V49/I5/114

Table 1 摩擦副材料的主要物理性能

Fig.1 摩擦磨损测试仪及原理图

Fig.2 丁腈橡胶不同老化时间(a)和老化温度(b)的应力-应变曲线

Fig.3 不同老化时间和温度条件下老化丁腈橡胶的平均硬度和平均摩擦因数的变化趋势
(a)平均硬度；(b)平均摩擦因数

Fig.4 干滑动条件下丁腈橡胶摩擦因数随时间变化趋势以及磨损表面形貌(A区域)
(a)摩擦因数时变曲线；(b)未老化；(c)90 ℃-3 d；(d)120 ℃-1 d

Fig.5 干滑动条件下丁腈橡胶的摩擦因数随时间变化趋势、磨损表面形貌及元素分布(B区域)
(a)摩擦因数时变曲线；(b)90 ℃-14 d；(c)105 ℃-28 d；(d)90 ℃-14 d对应的EDX图谱

Fig.6 干滑动条件下丁腈橡胶摩擦因数随时间变化趋势、磨损表面形貌以及磨痕边缘的磨屑分布(C区域)
(a)摩擦因数时变曲线；(b)120 ℃-28 d；(c), (d)135 ℃-14 d

Fig.7 不同老化区域典型的橡胶磨损表面三维形貌
(a)90 ℃-7 d，A区域；(b)105 ℃-28 d，B区域；(c)135 ℃-14 d，C区域

Fig.8 摩擦实验后丁腈橡胶平均磨损表面粗糙度的变化趋势

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