三维结构石墨烯气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料的制备和电磁屏蔽性能

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000509

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摘要

以三维结构的石墨烯气凝胶为填料，通过真空浸渍的方法，将环氧树脂浸入并固化，制备石墨烯气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料。利用FT-IR，XPS和XRD等测试手段，研究制备过程和炭化处理中石墨烯气凝胶的化学结构变化。实验结果表明：氧化石墨烯和聚酰胺酸，通过物理吸附的方式，形成石墨烯气凝胶。300℃热处理使得聚酰胺酸亚胺化成聚酰亚胺，氧化石墨烯得到部分还原。随着炭化温度的提高，石墨烯气凝胶中的石墨烯片层还原程度越高，聚酰亚胺炭化程度越高。与此同时，扫描电镜和光学显微镜结果表明，炭化处理和真空浸渍后，石墨烯气凝胶仍然可以保持良好的三维网络结构。在此基础上，石墨烯气凝胶作为导电填料，利用其三维网络结构，使得对应的复合材料具有良好的导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能。在石墨烯气凝胶含量仅为6.23%（质量分数）时，复合材料的电导率就可以达到252 S·m^-1，电磁屏蔽效能高达75 dB。

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	陈宇
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	陈祥宝

关键词 ：石墨烯气凝胶, 环氧树脂, 复合材料, 电磁屏蔽性能

Abstract：

Graphene aerogels/epoxy composites were prepared by vacuum-impregnated process with graphene aerogels as the functional filler and epoxy resin as polymer matrix. The changes in chemical structure of graphene aerogels during the preparation process and carbonization treatment were investigated by FT-IR, XPS and XRD. The results show that GO@PAA aerogel is prepared by the physical interaction between graphene oxide (GO) and polyamide acid (PAA). PAA will be transformed to polyimide by imidization and graphene oxide is partially reduced during the 300 ℃ thermal treatment. With the carbonation temperature increases, reduction degree of graphene sheets and the carbonation degree of polyimide are increased gradually. Meanwhile, SEM images and OM images show that graphene aerogels can also maintain the good three-dimensional network structure after carbonation treatment and vacuum impregnation. On this basis, graphene aerogels, which serve as the functional filler, taking advantage of the good three-dimensional network structure, can improve the corresponding composites with good electrical property and electromagnetic interference shielding performance. With only 6.23%(mass fraction) graphene aerogels (G@C-1100), the corresponding composites exhibit high electrical conductivity of 252 S·m^-1 and an excellent electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 70 dB.

Key words： graphene aerogel epoxy resin composites electromagnetic interference shielding performance

收稿日期: 2020-06-05 出版日期: 2021-05-21

中图分类号:

TB332

基金资助:国家青年科学基金资助项目(51803200)

通讯作者: 张代军,陈祥宝 E-mail: 15810534483@139.com;xiangbao.chen@biam.ac.cn

作者简介: 陈祥宝(1956-), 男, 研究员, 博士, 主要从事复合材料树脂基体、成型工艺和低成本技术的研究, 联系地址: 北京市81信箱3分箱(100095), xiangbao.chen@biam.ac.cn
张代军(1985-), 男, 高级工程师, 博士, 主要从事树脂基复合材料高性能化、先进复合材料低成本成型工艺的研究, 联系地址: 北京市81信箱3分箱(100095), E-mail: 15810534483@139.com

引用本文:

陈宇, 张代军, 李军, 温嘉轩, 陈祥宝. 三维结构石墨烯气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料的制备和电磁屏蔽性能[J]. 材料工程, 2021, 49(5): 82-88.
Yu CHEN, Dai-jun ZHANG, Jun LI, Jia-xuan WEN, Xiang-bao CHEN. Preparation and electromagnetic interference shielding performance of epoxy composites modified with three-dimensional graphene aerogels. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2021, 49(5): 82-88.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000509 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V49/I5/82

Table 1 石墨烯气凝胶的密度及其在对应的复合材料中的含量

Fig.1 原材料和不同阶段石墨烯气凝胶的红外光谱图
(a)GO, PAA, GO@PAA气凝胶和RGO@PI气凝胶；(b)RGO@PI气凝胶和经不同温度处理后的G@C气凝胶

Fig.2 RGO@PI气凝胶和经不同温度处理的G@C气凝胶的XPS谱图(a)和XRD谱图(b)

Table 2 RGO@PI气凝胶和经不同温度炭化处理的G@C气凝胶的元素原子分数

Fig.3 石墨烯气凝胶的扫描电镜图
(a)RGO@PI气凝胶；(b)G@C-1100气凝胶

Fig.4 石墨烯气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料的微观组织
(a)RGO@PI气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料；(b)G@C-1100气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料

Table 3 石墨烯气凝胶的导电性能

Fig.5 复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能
(a)石墨烯气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料；(b)石墨烯气凝胶粉末/环氧树脂复合材料

Fig.6 复合材料的总电磁屏蔽效能(T)、吸收损耗(A)和反射损耗(R)
(a)石墨烯气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料；(b)石墨烯气凝胶粉末/环氧树脂复合材料

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