Research progress in graphene based thermal conductivity materials
LI Yue1,2, LI Jiong-li1,2,3, ZHU Qiao-si1,2, LIANG Jia-feng1,2, GUO Jian-qiang1,2,3, WANG Xu-dong1,2,3
1. AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China; 2. Beijing Institute of Graphene Technology, Beijing 100094, China; 3. Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Graphene Application, Beijing 100095, China
Abstract:As a two-dimensional(2D) building block of new materials, graphene has received widespread attention due to its exceptional thermal properties. The thermal properties and recent advances on graphene-based material were reviewed. The intrinsic thermal conductivity of graphene and the effect of layers, defects and edge were briefly introduced. The resent research progress in graphene fiber as thermal conductivity material was analyzed and discussed. A variety of graphene films (graphene film, graphene hybrid film, graphene/polymer composite film) were grouped by category and the influencing factors of the thermal conductivity were reviewed. The structure, thermal conductivity property and current researches of 3D graphene (graphene with random orientation in the polymer matrix, graphene with specific orientation in the polymer matrix) were summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects of graphene-based materials were also pointed out, especially inhigh power, highly integrated systems such as LED lighting and smart phones, graphene based thermal conductivity materials have a good development prospect.
[1] YU A P, RAMESH P, SUN X B, et al. Enhanced thermal conductivity in a hybrid graphite nanoplatelet-carbon nanotube filler for epoxy composites[J]. Advanced Materials, 2008, 20(24):4740-4744. [2] KIM H S, JANG J U, LEE H, et al. Thermal management in polymer composites:a review of physical and structural parameters[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2018, 20(10):1800204. [3] ZHANG Y, TAN Y W, STORMER H L, et al. Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene[J]. Nature, 2005, 438(7065):201-204. [4] NAIR R P, BLAKE P, GRIGORENKO A N, et al. Fine structure constant defines visual transparency of graphene[J]. Science, 2008, 320(5881):1308. [5] HUANG X Y, IIZUKA T, JIANG P K, et al. Role of interface on the thermal conductivity of highly filled dielectric epoxy/AlN composites[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2012, 116(25):13629-13639. [6] 段淼,李四中,陈国华. 机械法制备石墨烯的研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2013(12):85-91. DUAN M,LI S Z,CHEN G H.Research progress in preparation of graphene by mechanical exfoliation[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2013(12),85-91. [7] 钱伟,何大平,李宝文. 石墨烯基电磁屏蔽材料的研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2020, 48(7):14-23. QIAN W,HE D P,LI B W.Recent progress on graphene-based materials for electromagnetic interference shielding applications[J].Journal of Materials Engneering,2020,48(7):14-23. [8] 白明洁,刘金龙,齐志娜,等. 石墨烯纳米流体研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2020, 48(4):46-59. BAI M J,LIU J L,QI Z N,et al.Research progress in nanofluids with graphene addition[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2020,48(4):46-49. [9] BALANDIN A A, GHOSH S, BAO W Z, et al. Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene[J]. Nano Letters, 2008, 8(3):902-907. [10] CAI W, MOORE A L, ZHU Y, et al. Thermal transport in suspended and supported monolayer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition[J]. Nano Letters, 2010, 10(5):1645-1651. [11] XU X, PEREIRA L F, WANG Y, et al. Length-dependent thermal conductivity in suspended single-layer graphene[J]. Nature Communications, 2014, 5:3689. [12] GHOSH S, BAO W, NIKA D L, et al. Dimensional crossover of thermal transport in few-layer graphene[J]. Nature Materials, 2010, 9(7):555-558. [13] GHOSH S, CALIZO I, TEWELDEBRHAN D, et al. Extremely high thermal conductivity of graphene:prospects for thermal management applications in nanoelectronic circuits[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2008, 92(15):151911. [14] FUGALLO G, CEPELLOTTI A, PAULATTO L, et al. Thermal conductivity of graphene and graphite:collective excitations and mean free paths[J]. Nano Letters, 2014, 14(11):6109-6114. [15] NAYANDEEP K M, ALEXIS R A. Thermal conductivity of graphene and graphene oxide nanoplatelets[J]. IEEE, 2012. [16] MALEKPOUR H, RAMNANI P, SRINIVASAN S, et al. Thermal conductivity of graphene with defects induced by electron beam irradiation[J]. Nanoscale, 2016, 8(30):14608-14616. [17] JUSTIN H, ALPER K, CEM S, et al. Control of thermal and electronic transport in defect-engineered graphene nanoribbons[J]. ACS Nano, 2011, 5(5):3779-3787. [18] FLORIAN B, JANI K, ARKADY V K. Structural defects in graphene[J]. ACS Nano, 2011, 5(1):26-41. [19] SEROV A Y, ONG Z Y, POP E. Effect of grain boundaries on thermal transport in graphene[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102(3):033104. [20] BARGI A, KIM S P, RUOFF R S, et al. Thermal transport across twin grain boundaries in polycrystalline graphene from nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations[J]. Nano Letters, 2011, 11(9):3917-3921. [21] CAO A J, QU J M. Kapitza conductance of symmetric tilt grain boundaries in graphene[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2012, 111(5):053529. [22] WEI D C, LIU Y Q, WANG Y. Synthesis of N-doped graphene by chemical vapor deposition and its electrical properties[J]. Nano Letters, 2009, 9:1752-1758. [23] SENTURK A E, OKTEM A S, KONUKMAN A E S. Effects of the nitrogen doping configuration and site on the thermal conductivity of defective armchair graphene nanoribbons[J]. J Mol Model, 2017, 23(8):247. [24] CHIEN S K, YANG Y T, CHEN C K. Influence of hydrogen functionalization on thermal conductivity of graphene:nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2011, 98(3):033107. [25] CHIEN S K, YANG Y T, CHEN C K. Influence of chemisorption on the thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons[J]. Carbon, 2012, 50(2):421-428. [26] 郭建强,李炯利,梁佳丰,等. 氧化石墨烯的化学还原方法与机理研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2020, 48(7):24-35. GUO J Q,LI J L,LIANG J F,et al.Research progress in methods and mechanisms of chemical reduction graphene oxide[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2020,48(7):24-35. [27] POP E, VARSHNEY V, ROY A K. Thermal properties of graphene:fundamentals and applications[J]. MRS Bulletin, 2012, 37(12):1273-1281. [28] EVANS W J, HU L, KEBLINSKI P. Thermal conductivity of graphene ribbons from equilibrium molecular dynamics:effect of ribbon width, edge roughness, and hydrogen termination[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 96(20):203112. [29] SEOL J H, JO I, MOORE A L, et al. Two-dimensional phonon transport in supported graphene[J]. Science, 2010, 328(5975):213-216. [30] JANG W, CHEN Z, BAO W, et al. Thickness-dependent thermal conductivity of encased graphene and ultrathin graphite[J]. Nano Letters, 2010, 10(10):3909-3913. [31] PETTES M T, JO I, YAO Z, et al. Influence of polymeric residue on the thermal conductivity of suspended bilayer graphene[J]. Nano Letters, 2011, 11(3):1195-1200. [32] CHEN S, WU Q, MISHRA C, et al. Thermal conductivity of isotopically modified graphene[J]. Nature Materials, 2012, 11(3):203-207. [33] XU Z, LIU Y J, ZHAO X L, et al. Ultrastiff and strong graphene fibers via full-scale synergetic defect engineering[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(30):6449-6456. [34] XIN G Q, YAO T K, SUN H T, et al. Highly thermally conductive and mechanically strong graphene fibers[J]. Science, 2015, 349(6252):1083-1087. [35] FANG B, CHANG D, XU Z, et al. A review on graphene fibers:expectations, advances, and prospects[J]. Advanced Materials, 2020, 32(5):e1902664. [36] PARK H, LEE K H, KIM Y B, et al. Dynamic assembly of liquid crystalline graphene oxide gel fibers for ion transport[J]. Science Advances, 2018, 4:2104. [37] XIN G, ZHU W, DENG Y, et al. Microfluidics-enabled orientation and microstructure control of macroscopic graphene fibres[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2019, 14(2):168-175. [38] LI Z, LIU Z, SUN H Y, et al. Superstructured assembly of nanocarbons:fullerenes, nanotubes, and graphene[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2015, 115(15):7046-7117. [39] XU W N, ZHAO Q, CHEN C T, et al. Ultrathin thermoresponsive self-folding 3D graphene[J]. Science Advances, 2017, 3:e1701084. [40] PENG L, XU Z, LIU Z, et al. Ultrahigh thermal conductive yet superflexible graphene films[J]. Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(27):1700589. [41] WANG N, SAMANI M K, LI H, et al. Tailoring the thermal and mechanical properties of graphene film by structural engineering[J]. Small, 2018, 14(29):1801346. [42] ZOU R, LIU F, HU N, et al. Carbonized polydopamine nanoparticle reinforced graphene films with superior thermal conductivity[J]. Carbon, 2019, 149:173-180. [43] WU X, LI H, CHENG K, et al. Modified graphene/polyimide composite films with strongly enhanced thermal conductivity[J]. Nanoscale, 2019, 11(17):8219-8225. [44] WANG Y J, XIA S, LI H, et al. Unprecedentedly tough, folding-endurance, and multifunctional graphene-based artificial nacre with predesigned 3D nanofiber network as matrix[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(38):1903876. [45] FENG C P, CHEN L B, TIAN G L, et al. Multifunctional thermal management materials with excellent heat dissipation and generation capability for future electronics[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(20):18739-18745. [46] RENTERIA J D, RAMIREZ S, MALEKPOUR H, et al. Strongly anisotropic thermal conductivity of free-standing reduced graphene oxide films annealed at high temperature[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2015, 25(29):4664-4672. [47] CHEN S J, WANG Q L, ZHANG M M, et al. Scalable production of thick graphene film for next generation thermal management application[J]. Carbon, 2020, 167:270-277. [48] LIN S F, JU S, ZHANG J W, et al. Ultrathin flexible graphene films with high thermal conductivity and excellent EMI shielding performance using large-sized graphene oxide flakes[J]. RSC Advances, 2019, 9(3):1419-1427. [49] SHEN B, ZHAI W T, ZHENG W G. Ultrathin flexible graphene film:an excellent thermal conducting material with efficient EMI shielding[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2014, 24(28):4542-4548. [50] WANG B, CUNNING B V, KIMN Y, et al. Ultrastiff, strong, and highly thermally conductive crystalline graphitic films with mixed stacking order[J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(29):e1903039. [51] ZENG Y Q, LI T, YAO Y G, et al. Thermally conductive reduced graphene oxide thin films for extreme temperature sensors[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 22(22):1901388. [52] GUO Y, DUN C C, XU J W, et al. Ultrathin, washable, and large-area graphene papers for personal thermal management[J]. Small, 2017, 13(44):1702645. [53] VU M C, THI T N A, LIM J H, et al. Ultrathin thermally conductive yet electrically insulating exfoliated graphene fluoride film for high performance heat dissipation[J]. Carbon, 2020, 157:741-749. [54] LUO F B, WU K, SHI J, et al. Green reduction of graphene oxide by polydopamine to a construct flexible film:superior flame retardancy and high thermal conductivity[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5(35):18542-18550. [55] WANG X W, WU P Y. Highly thermally conductive fluorinated graphene films with superior electrical insulation and mechanical flexibility[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(24):21946-21954. [56] CAO R R, WANG Y Z, CHEN S, et al. Multiresponsive shape-stabilized hexadecyl acrylate-grafted graphene as a phase change material with enhanced thermal and electrical conductivities[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(9):8982-8991. [57] MENG X, PAN H, ZHU C L, et al. Coupled chiral structure in graphene-based film for ultrahigh thermal conductivity in both in-plane and through-plane directions[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(26):22611-22622. [58] SONG N, JIAO D J, DING P, et al. Anisotropic thermally conductive flexible films based on nanofibrillated cellulose and aligned graphene nanosheets[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2016, 4(2):305-314. [59] SONG N, JIAO D J, CUI S Q, et al. Highly anisotropic thermal conductivity of layer-by-layer assembled nanofibrillated cellulose/graphene nanosheets hybrid films for thermal management[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(3):2924-2932. [60] SONG N, HOU X H, CHEN L, et al. A green plastic constructed from cellulose and functionalized graphene with high thermal conductivity[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(21):17914-17922. [61] ROZADA R, PAREDES J I, VILLAR R, et al. Towards full repair of defects in reduced graphene oxide films by two-step graphitization[J]. Nano Research, 2013, 6(3):216-233. [62] GUAN F L, GUI C X, ZHANG H B, et al. Enhanced thermal conductivity and satisfactory flame retardancy of epoxy/alumina composites by combination with graphene nanoplatelets and magnesium hydroxide[J].Composites Part B,2016,98:134-140. [63] SONG S H, PARK K H, KIM B H, et al. Enhanced thermal conductivity of epoxy-graphene composites by using non-oxidized graphene flakes with non-covalent functionalization[J]. Advanced Materials, 2013, 25(5):732-737. [64] ZONG P S, FU J F, CHEN L Y, et al. Effect of aminopropylisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane functionalized graphene on the thermal conductivity and electrical insulation properties of epoxy composites[J]. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(13):10498-10506. [65] DING P, SU S S, SONG N, et al. Highly thermal conductive composites with polyamide-6 covalently-grafted graphene by an in situ polymerization and thermal reduction process[J]. Carbon, 2014, 66:576-584. [66] TANG Z H, KANG H, SHEN Z L, et al. Grafting of polyester onto graphene for electrically and thermally conductive composites[J]. Macromolecules, 2012, 45(8):3444-3451. [67] OH H, KIM Y J, KIM J H. Co-curable poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-grafted graphene/epoxy composite for thermal conductivity enhancement[J]. Polymer, 2019, 183:121834. [68] TENG C C, MA C C M, LU C H, et al. Thermal conductivity and structure of non-covalent functionalized graphene/epoxy composites[J]. Carbon, 2011, 49(15):5107-5116. [69] WANG F Z, DRZAL L T, QIN Y, et al. Mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of graphene nanoplatelet/epoxy composites[J].Journal of Materials Science,2014,50(3):1082-1093. [70] ZHU D H, QI Y, YU W, et al. Enhanced Thermal conductivity for graphene nanoplatelets/epoxy resin composites[J]. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 2018, 10(1):011011. [71] KIM H S, BAE H S, YU J, et al. Thermal conductivity of polymer composites with the geometrical characteristics of graphene nanoplatelets[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6:26825. [72] KUMAR P, YU S, SHAHZAD F, et al. Ultrahigh electrically and thermally conductive self-aligned graphene/polymer composites using large-area reduced graphene oxides[J]. Carbon, 2016, 101:120-128. [73] JAROSINSKI L, RYBAK A, GASKA K, et al. Enhanced thermal conductivity of graphene nanoplatelets epoxy composites[J]. Materials Science-Poland, 2017, 35(2):382-389. [74] YU A P, RAMESH P, ITKIS M E, et al. Graphite nanoplatelet-epoxy composite thermal interface materials[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2007, 111:7565-7569. [75] GUO Y Q, XU G J, YANG X T, et al. Significantly enhanced and precisely modeled thermal conductivity in polyimide nanocomposites with chemically modified graphene via in situ polymerization and electrospinning-hot press technology[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2018, 6(12):3004-3015. [76] CHO E C, HUANG J H, LI C P, et al. Graphene-based thermoplastic composites and their application for LED thermal management[J]. Carbon, 2016, 102:66-73. [77] GUO Y Q, YANG X T, RUAN K P, et al. Reduced graphene oxide heterostructured silver nanoparticles significantly enhanced thermal conductivities in hot-pressed electrospun polyimide nanocomposites[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(28):25465-25473. [78] QIAN R, YU J H, WU C, et al. Alumina-coated graphene sheet hybrids for electrically insulating polymer composites with high thermal conductivity[J]. RSC Advances, 2013, 3(38):17373-17379. [79] CUI X, DING P, ZHUANG N, et al. Thermal conductive and mechanical properties of polymeric composites based on solution-exfoliated boron nitride and graphene nanosheets:a morphology-promoted synergistic effect[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7(34):19068-19075. [80] WANG R, ZHUO D X, WENG Z X, et al. A novel nanosilica/graphene oxide hybrid and its flame retarding epoxy resin with simultaneously improved mechanical, thermal conductivity, and dielectric properties[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3(18):9826-9836. [81] YANG J, TANG L S, BAO R Y, et al. Hybrid network structure of boron nitride and graphene oxide in shape-stabilized composite phase change materials with enhanced thermal conductivity and light-to-electric energy conversion capability[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2018, 174:56-64. [82] ZHANG W B, ZHANG Z X, YANG J H, et al. Largely enhanced thermal conductivity of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/carbon nanotube composites achieved by adding graphene oxide[J]. Carbon, 2015, 90:242-254. [83] CHEN J J, CHEN X N, MENG F B, et al. Super-high thermal conductivity of polyamide-6/graphene-graphene oxide composites through in situ polymerization[J]. High Performance Polymers, 2016, 29(5):585-594. [84] 陈宇,张代军,李军,等. 三维结构石墨烯气凝胶/环氧树脂复合材料的制备和电磁屏蔽性能研究[J]. 材料工程, 2021,49(5):82-88. CHEN Y,ZHANG D J,LI J,et al.Preparation and electromagnetic in terference shielding performance research of epoxy composites modified with three-dimensioned graphene aerogels[J].Jounrnal of Materials Engineering,2021,49(5):82-88. [85] ALAM F E, DAI W, YANG M H, et al. In situ formation of a cellular graphene framework in thermoplastic composites leading to superior thermal conductivity[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5(13):6164-6169. [86] WU K, LEI C X, HUANG R, et al. Design and preparation of a unique segregated double network with excellent thermal conductive property[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(8):7637-7647. [87] YANG J, LI X F, HAN S, et al. Air-dried, high-density graphene hybrid aerogels for phase change composites with exceptional thermal conductivity and shape stability[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2016, 4(46):18067-18074. [88] AN F, LI X F, MIN P, et al. Vertically aligned high-quality graphene foams for anisotropically conductive polymer composites with ultrahigh through-plane thermal conductivities[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018, 10(20):17383-17392. [89] FANG H M, GUO H C, HU Y R, et al. In-situ grown hollow Fe3O4 onto graphene foam nanocomposites with high EMI shielding effectiveness and thermal conductivity[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2020, 188:107975. [90] LIU J, LIU Y F, ZHANG H B, et al. Superelastic and multifunctional graphene-based aerogels by interfacial reinforcement with graphitized carbon at high temperatures[J]. Carbon, 2018, 132:95-103. [91] ZHANG F, FENG Y Y, QIN M M, et al. Stress controllability in thermal and electrical conductivity of 3D elastic graphene-crosslinked carbon nanotube sponge/polyimide nanocomposite[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(25):1901383. [92] MIN P, LIU J, LI X F, et al. Thermally conductive phase change composites featuring anisotropic graphene aerogels for real-time and fast-charging solar-thermal energy conversion[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(51):1805365. [93] WU Z, XU C, MA C, et al. Synergistic effect of aligned graphene nanosheets in graphene foam for high-performance thermally conductive composites[J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(19):1900199. [94] LIAO H H, CHEN W H, LIU Y, et al. A phase change material encapsulated in a mechanically strong graphene aerogel with high thermal conductivity and excellent shape stability[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2020, 189:108010. [95] DAI W, YU J H, WANG Y, et al. Enhanced thermal conductivity for polyimide composites with a three-dimensional silicon carbide nanowire@graphene sheets filler[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3(9):4884-4891. [96] LIANG C B, QIU H, HAN Y Y, et al. Superior electromagnetic interference shielding 3D graphene nanoplatelets/reduced graphene oxide foam/epoxy nanocomposites with high thermal conductivity[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2019, 7(9):2725-2733. [97] LIU Z, CHEN Y, LI Y, et al. Graphene foam-embedded epoxy composites with significant thermal conductivity enhancement[J]. Nanoscale, 2019, 11(38):17600-17606. [98] QIN M M, XU Y X, CAO R, et al. Efficiently controlling the 3D thermal conductivity of a polymer nanocomposite via a hyperelastic double-continuous network of graphene and sponge[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(45):1805053. [99] YANG J, QI G Q, LIU Y, et al. Hybrid graphene aerogels/phase change material composites:thermal conductivity, shape-stabilization and light-to-thermal energy storage[J]. Carbon, 2016, 100:693-702. [100] YANG J, ZHANG E W, LI X F, et al. Cellulose/graphene aerogel supported phase change composites with high thermal conductivity and good shape stability for thermal energy storage[J]. Carbon, 2016, 98:50-57. [101] ZHANG Y F, HAN D, ZHAO Y H, et al. High-performance thermal interface materials consisting of vertically aligned graphene film and polymer[J]. Carbon, 2016, 109:552-557. [102] LI Q, GUO Y F, LI W W, et al. Ultrahigh thermal conductivity of assembled aligned multilayer graphene/epoxy composite[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2014, 26(15):4459-4465. [103] JUNG H, YU S, BAE N S, et al. High through-plane thermal conduction of graphene nanoflake filled polymer composites melt-processed in an L-shape kinked tube[J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2015, 7(28):15256-15262. [104] LI Y, WEI W, WANG Y, et al. Construction of highly aligned graphene-based aerogels and their epoxy composites towards high thermal conductivity[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2019, 7(38):11783-11789. [105] HAO H, WEN D, YAN Q W, et al. Graphene size-dependent modulation of graphene frameworks contributing to the superior thermal conductivity of epoxy composites[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2018, 6(25):12091-12097.