莴笋叶制备多孔碳材料的优化设计及储锂性能

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000960

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摘要

生物质多孔碳材料作为绿色环保的新能源材料，是近年来研究的热点。通过探讨不同工艺条件(烧结温度、活化剂以及原料与活化剂质量比)下制备的莴笋叶多孔碳材料(简写为LLs-温度-比例-活化剂)的储锂性能，优化了工艺条件。结果显示，每种材料均可见两个宽且弱的XRD衍射峰，分别在2θ=22°~26°和2θ≈43°，对应晶面(002)和(101)，表明材料为有一定石墨化程度的无定形碳。另外，LLs-800-4R-K的首次放电比容量为674.5 mAh/g，循环200周次后的比容量为209.6 mAh/g，能量密度为146.8 Wh/kg，具有良好的循环性能和较高的比容量。从而得到最优工艺条件：烧结温度800 ℃、活化剂KOH、原料与活化剂质量比1:4。

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	李鑫
	王秋芬
	缪娟
	田会芳
	张成立
	张延磊
	张志林

关键词 ：多孔碳, 莴笋叶, 工艺条件, 优化设计, 储锂性能

Abstract：

As a new energy material of environmental protection, biomass porous carbon material has been a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, the porous carbon materials from lettuce leaves (LLs-temperature-proportional-activator) were prepared under different conditions, such as sintering temperature, the different activator, and the mass ratio of raw material and the activator, and the technological conditions were optimized through the discussion on their lithium storage performances. The results show that there are two broad and weak XRD peaks at 2θ=22°-26° and 2θ≈43° in each material, corresponding to the lattice plane (002) and (101), which indicates that the material is an amorphous carbon material with a certain degree of graphitization. In addition, the first discharge capacity of LLs-800-4R-K can reach 674.5 mAh/g. After 200 cycles, its discharge specific capacity can be maintained at 209.6 mAh /g, and the energy density is 146.8 Wh/kg. It illustrates that LLs-800-4R-K has good cycle performance and specific capacity. Thus, the optimum process conditions are as follows. The sintering temperature is at 800 ℃, KOH is used as activator, the mass ratio of raw material and the activator is 1:4.

Key words： porous carbon lettuce leaf process condition optimization design lithium storage performance

收稿日期: 2020-10-15 出版日期: 2022-04-18

中图分类号:

TM911.15

基金资助:河南省高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(NSFRF200402);国家级大学生创新训练计划项目(201810460008)

通讯作者: 王秋芬,缪娟 E-mail: wqf@hpu.edu.cn;miaojuan@hpu.edu.cn

作者简介: 缪娟(1963-)，女，教授，博士, 主要从事新能源材料及器件等方面的研究工作，联系地址：河南省焦作市山阳区世纪大道2001号河南理工大学(454003)，E-mail：miaojuan@hpu.edu.cn
王秋芬(1969-)，女，副教授，博士，主要从事新能源材料及器件等方面的研究工作，联系地址：河南省焦作市山阳区世纪大道2001号河南理工大学(454003)，E-mail：wqf@hpu.edu.cn

引用本文:

李鑫, 王秋芬, 缪娟, 田会芳, 张成立, 张延磊, 张志林. 莴笋叶制备多孔碳材料的优化设计及储锂性能[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(4): 53-61.
Xin LI, Qiufen WANG, Juan MIAO, Huifang TIAN, Chengli ZHANG, Yanlei ZHANG, Zhilin ZHANG. Lithium storage performance and optimal design of porous carbon materials with lettuce leaves. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(4): 53-61.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.000960 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I4/53

Fig.1 以莴笋叶为碳源制备多孔碳材料的工艺流程示意图

Fig.2 不同工艺条件的莴笋叶的XRD图

Fig.3 LLs-800-4R-KOH和LLs-800-4R-CaCl₂的XPS图
(a)全谱图；(b)C1s；(c)O1s；(d)Si2p；(e)N1s

Fig.4 样品的SEM图
(a)，(b)LLs-800-4R-KOH；(c)，(d)LLs-800-4R-CaCl₂

Fig.5 样品的TEM图
(a)，(b)LLs-800-4R-KOH；(c)，(d)LLs-800-4R-CaCl₂

Fig.6 不同工艺条件下莴笋叶材料的BET测试
(a)氮吸附-脱附等温线；(b)孔径分布图

Fig.7 不同工艺条件下莴笋叶的电化学性能
(a)首次充放电曲线；(b)循环性能；(c)倍率性能；(d)能量密度

Fig.8 不同工艺条件下莴笋叶的电化学阻抗谱
(a)不同温度；(b)原料与KOH不同质量比；(c)不同活化剂

Fig.9 电极在不同电荷状态下ω与Z′的关系

Fig.10 200次循环后的SEM图
(a)LLs-800-4R-KOH；(b)LLs-800-4R-CaCl₂

Fig.11 莴笋叶材料和梧桐树叶的电化学性能
(a)首次充放电曲线；(b)循环性能

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