激光选区熔化成形含锆7××× 系铝合金的显微组织与力学性能

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.001165

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摘要

热裂问题是激光选区熔化成形（SLM）7××× 系铝合金面临的主要障碍之一。通过低能球磨工艺制备ZrH₂/7075复合粉末，采用激光选区熔化技术制备含锆7××× 系铝合金材料，分析了不同ZrH₂添加量（0.5%，1.0%，1.5%，质量分数，下同）对试样显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：随着ZrH₂含量的增加，SLM试样的柱状晶组织逐渐消失，热裂纹逐渐减少，当ZrH₂含量为1.5%时，试样显微组织完全转变为细小等轴晶（平均晶粒尺寸为1.6 μm），热裂纹完全消除。ZrH₂在SLM成形过程中与铝熔体原位反应形成L1₂型Al₃Zr相，L1₂型Al₃Zr相的异质形核作用促进了柱状晶到等轴晶的转变，抑制了热裂纹的产生。经T6热处理后，试样抗拉强度为（550±10）MPa，屈服强度为（490±5）MPa，伸长率为（12±1）%，断口处存在大量韧窝，表现为韧性断裂。

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	詹强坤
	刘允中
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	周志光

关键词 ： 7×××系铝合金, ZrH₂, 激光选区熔化, 热裂纹, 力学性能

Abstract：

The preparation of 7××× series aluminum alloy by selective laser melting technology (SLM) is hindered by hot tearing. Novel ZrH₂ modified 7075 composite powders were prepared by the low-energy ball milling technology. Zirconium-containing 7××× series aluminum alloy was then prepared by the SLM process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples with different ZrH₂contents (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, mass fraction, the same below) were systematically investigated. The results show that the addition of ZrH₂ can significantly reduce hot tearing and change the microstructure. When 1.5% ZrH₂ is added, the hot tearing is completely eliminated and the grain microstructure is entirely composed of fine equiaxed grains. The transition of columnar grains to equiaxed grains is attributed to the in-situ formation of L1₂-Al₃Zr which provides numerous nucleation positions for solidification. After T6 heat treatment, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of SLMed sample are (550±10), (490±5) MPa and (12±1)%, respectively. Fractography analysis shows a large number of dimples on the fracture surface after tensile testing, indicating ductile fracture mode.

Key words： 7××× aluminum alloy ZrH₂ selective laser melting hot tearing mechanical property

收稿日期: 2020-12-18 出版日期: 2021-06-22

中图分类号:

TG146.2⁺1

基金资助:广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2019B090907001);广东省科技计划项目(2014B010129002)

通讯作者: 刘允中 E-mail: yzhliu@scut.edu.cn

作者简介: 刘允中(1969-), 男, 教授, 博士, 研究方向为3D打印金属新材料及金属雾化制粉与喷射成形, 联系地址:广东省广州市天河区华南理工大学38号楼(510641), E-mail:yzhliu@scut.edu.cn

引用本文:

詹强坤, 刘允中, 刘小辉, 周志光. 激光选区熔化成形含锆7××× 系铝合金的显微组织与力学性能[J]. 材料工程, 2021, 49(6): 85-93.
Qiang-kun ZHAN, Yun-zhong LIU, Xiao-hui LIU, Zhi-guang ZHOU. Microstructures and mechanical properties of zirconium-containing 7××× aluminum alloy prepared by selective laser melting. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2021, 49(6): 85-93.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2020.001165 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V49/I6/85

Fig.1 7075铝合金粉末(a)，ZrH₂粉末(b)和ZrH₂/7075复合粉末(c)SEM图及7075铝合金粉末粒径分布(d)

Table 1 7075铝合金粉末的化学成分(质量分数/%)

Fig.2 SLM试样光学显微图
(a)7075铝合金；(b)7075铝合金+0.5% ZrH₂；(c)7075铝合金+1.0% ZrH₂；(d)7075铝合金+1.5% ZrH₂

Fig.3 SLM试样的EBSD图(1)和尺寸分布图(2)
(a)7075铝合金；(b)7075铝合金+0.5% ZrH₂；(c)7075铝合金+1.0% ZrH₂；(d)7075铝合金+1.5% ZrH₂

Fig.4 激光功率对试样致密度的影响(a)和典型试样光学显微图(b)~(d)

Fig.5 SLM试样低倍(1)和高倍(2)显微组织图(a)XOY面；(b)XOZ面

Fig.6 SLM试样的SEM图(XOZ面)(a)低倍；(b)高倍

Fig.7 SLM试样 (a)TEM图；(b)，(c)EDS面扫描图；(d)，(e)衍射斑点图；(f)高分辨图

Fig.8 T6热处理态SLM试样的SEM图(a)低倍；(b)，(c)高倍

Fig.9 T6热处理态SLM试样 (a)，(b)TEM图；(c)，(d)衍射斑点图

Fig.10 T6热处理态SLM试样的拉伸应力-应变曲线

Fig.11 激光功率为200 W时T6热处理态SLM试样的断口形貌 (a)低倍；(b)高倍

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