高Cu铸造铝合金的摩擦磨损性能

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000072

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摘要

采用压铸工艺制备Cu含量为5%~20%（质量分数，下同）的Al-Cu合金试样。在布氏硬度计上测定试样的硬度，利用球盘往复式磨损试验机进行3种载荷（1~5 N）的磨损实验，通过SEM和EDS分析不同Cu含量试样的磨损机理。结果表明：随着Cu含量从5%增加至20%，Al-Cu合金中θ相的体积分数由2.00%增加到25.80%，且θ相的尺寸逐渐增大；硬度从59HB增加到170HB。摩擦因数在0.4~0.85范围内变化；Al-Cu合金试样的比磨损率随Cu含量增加先急剧降低后趋于平缓，Cu含量达到15%以上合金试样比磨损率变化不大，最低比磨损率在4.1×10^-4 mm³·N^-1·m^-1左右；较低Cu含量试样的比磨损率随载荷变化显著，随着Cu含量增加比磨损率差别减小。Al-Cu合金的主要磨损机制为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损，低Cu含量试样以黏着磨损为主，高Cu含量试样以磨粒磨损为主；随着载荷的增加，低Cu含量试样黏着磨损程度增加，高Cu含量试样磨粒磨损程度增加。

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	王海波
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关键词 ： Al-Cu合金, Cu含量, 比磨损率, 摩擦磨损

Abstract：

Al-Cu alloy samples with 5%-20% (mass fraction) Cu were prepared by die-casting process. The hardness of the samples was measured on a Brinell hardness tester. The wear experiments with three kinds of load (1-5 N) were carried out with a ball-disk reciprocating wear tester. The wear mechanism of the samples with different Cu contents was analyzed by SEM and EDS. The results show that as the Cu content increases from 5% to 20%, the volume fraction of θ phase in Al-Cu alloy increases from 2.00% to 25.80%, and the size of θ phase increases gradually; the hardness increases from 59HB to 170HB. The coefficient of friction changes within the range of 0.4-0.85; with the increase of Cu content, the specific wear rate of Al-Cu alloy samples decreases sharply at first and then tends to be gentle. When Cu content is more than 15%, the specific wear rate of alloy samples does not change much, and the lowest specific wear rate is about 4.1×10^-4 mm³·N^-1·m^-1. The specific wear rate of samples with lower Cu content changes significantly with the load, and the specific wear rate difference decreases with the increase of Cu content. The main wear mechanisms of Al-Cu alloys are adhesive wear and abrasive wear. For samples with low Cu content, adhesive wear is dominant; while for samples with high Cu content, abrasive wear is dominant. With the increase of load, the adhesive wear degree of the samples with low Cu content increases, and the abrasive wear degree of the samples with high Cu content increases.

Key words： Al-Cu alloy Cu content specific wear rate friction and wear

收稿日期: 2021-01-26 出版日期: 2022-11-17

中图分类号:

TG146.2⁺1

基金资助:金属材料强度国家重点实验室开放项目(20212317)

通讯作者: 赵君文 E-mail: swjtuzjw@home.swjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 赵君文(1982—), 男, 副教授, 博士, 研究方向为轨道交通关键材料加工及服役性能, 联系地址: 四川省成都市二环路北一段111号西南交通大学材料科学与工程学院(610031), E-mail: swjtuzjw@home.swjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

王海波, 赵君文, 陶星宇, 戴光泽. 高Cu铸造铝合金的摩擦磨损性能[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(11): 109-118.
Haibo WANG, Junwen ZHAO, Xingyu TAO, Guangze DAI. Friction and wear properties of cast aluminum alloy with high Cu content. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(11): 109-118.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000072 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I11/109

Table 1 Al-Cu合金的液相线温度及浇注温度

Fig.1 试样的尺寸(a)及表面形貌(b)
(A部位为金相取样位置)

Fig.2 Al-Cu合金试样的SEM图像
(a)Al-5Cu; (b)Al-10Cu; (c)Al-15Cu; (d)Al-20Cu; (e), (f)图(c)中1, 2点EDS

Fig.3 Al-Cu合金试样θ相的形貌
(a)Al-5Cu; (b)Al-10Cu; (c)Al-15Cu; (d)Al-20Cu

Fig.4 Al-Cu合金试样的XRD谱图

Table 2 不同组分Al-Cu合金α-Al相和θ相的体积分数(%)

Fig.5 Al-Cu合金试样的密度和硬度

Fig.6 Al-Cu合金试样的平均摩擦因数

Fig.7 3 N载荷下Al-Cu合金试样的摩擦因数曲线

Fig.8 Al-Cu合金试样不同载荷下表面磨痕区域横截面沿纵深方向的二维轮廓线
(a)Al-5Cu; (b)Al-10Cu; (c)Al-15Cu; (d)Al-20Cu

Fig.9 Al-Cu合金试样不同载荷下的体积磨损量

Fig.10 Al-Cu合金试样的比磨损率

Fig.11 在1 N载荷下Al-Cu合金试样的磨损表面SEM图及EDS分析
(a)Al-5Cu; (b)Al-10Cu; (c)Al-15Cu; (d)Al-20Cu; (e), (f)图(c)中3, 4点EDS分析

Fig.12 在1 N载荷下Al-15Cu(a)与Al-20Cu(b)合金试样磨损表面的高倍SEM图

Fig.13 在5 N载荷下Al-Cu合金试样磨损表面的SEM图
(a)Al-5Cu; (b)Al-10Cu; (c)Al-15Cu; (d)Al-20Cu

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