In recent years, carbon-ceramic matrix composite materials have become a hot topic due to their high temperature resistance, low density, good corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient, and strong performance design. Biomorphic carbon-ceramic composites have been prepared by introducing the wood-derived pore structure into ceramic matrix.The pore structure, preparation process, properties and application prospects of biomorphic carbon-ceramic matrix composites were reviewed. The importance of designing the microstructure of materials was emphasized, and the key technology in the preparation process of carbon-ceramic matrix composites-infiltration technology were specified, including: chemical vapor infiltration, melt infiltration, sol-gel infiltration, slurry infiltration, polymer precursor infiltration, and molten salt infiltration. The solutions to the existing problems of each technology were proposed. Composite strength and fracture strength of biomass carbon-ceramic matrix composites were reviewed. Suggestions for future research directions on the performance were put forward. It was pointed out that the mechanical properties of materials should be tested under high temperature, strong acid and strong alkali, and alternating cold and heat environments. The potential applications of biomorphic carbon-ceramic matrix composites were discussed in three aspects, including aero-engine blades, automobile exhaust gas purifiers, and catalyst carriers. Existing challenges and practical limitations such as complex molding, strong mechanical properties and thermal stability were outlined. Finally, the improvement of the preparation process and the study of mechanical properties of biomorphic carbon-ceramic matrix composites were prospected, which provides theoretical basis and guidance for the development and application of biomorphic carbon-ceramic matrix composites.
Infiltrate by raw material vapor, high reaction temperature
Composites with complex shapes, infiltration temperature: 1000-1600 ℃
Natural materials with less internal closed pores and high strength of pore wall after carbonization should be used; the carbonization process should be adjusted.
Infiltrate by capillary force, high reaction temperature
Composites with large size and complex shape, infiltration temperature: 1500-1600 ℃
Natural materials with thin hole wall should be used; the sintering process parameters should be adjusted.
Sol-gel
High purity, good dispersibility, lowcost
Poor infiltration and interface bonding, uncontrollable visco-sity of sol
Infiltrate by sol atlow temperature
Thin composites with small size and complex structure, infiltration temperature: room temperature
The composition and infiltration temperature of SiO2 sol should be adjusted to reduce the curing rate of SiO2; sol electrophoresis can be used to promote infiltration.
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