7050铝合金结构件热处理与冷成形过程残余应力演化规律的数值模拟

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000242

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摘要

基于Hansel-Spittel黏塑性流变应力模型以及应力-应变曲线构建7050铝合金在不同温度区间的材料本构方程。采用有限元仿真技术，首先分析试块级试样淬火与冷压缩过程的残余应力变化，模拟的分布规律与试块的超声测试分析结果一致。在此基础上，研究带筋条结构的铝合金结构件淬火热处理与冷变形工艺残余应力演化规律，并对结构件开展了超声残余应力测试和机加工变形验证。结果表明：淬火后残余应力呈外压内拉分布。不同的冷变形工艺对结构件淬火残余应力的消减程度有较大差异。对于冷压缩工艺，当变形量超过2%后，辐板压缩对辐板心部的应力状态改善较好，而筋条压缩只改善筋条局部位置的应力状态。3%压下量的冷拉伸工艺对整体的应力状态改变较大，可同时有效改善筋条部位和辐板部位残余应力的均匀性。经冷拉后，铝合金结构件机加工变形程度可得到明显改善。

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	王浩
	肖纳敏
	李惠曲
	王晓

关键词 ： 7050铝合金, 残余应力, 冷变形, 热力耦合模拟

Abstract：

A thermal mechanical coupling numerical model of 7050 aluminium alloy was established using the Hansel-Spittel constitutive model. The stress state of the samples during quenching and cold deformation was analyzed using the finite element simulation technology at first, which is in good accordance with the measured result by ultrasonic test. Then, residual stress evolution rule during heat treatment and cold deformation of an aluminium component with rib structure was studied and ultrasonic residual stress inspection and matching deformation verification were carried out on the structural component. The results show that residual stress after quenching is in the state of external compression and internal tension. The reduction degree of quenching induced residual stress by different cold deformation methods is obviously different. For cold compression, when deformation exceeds 2%, compression on the web obviously improves stress state of the whole web region while compression on the lib has relatively less improvement. For cold stretching, 3% deformation can effectively improve the stress uniformity for both web region and lib region. After cold stretching, the distortion during machining can be obviously improved.

Key words： 7050 aluminium alloy residual stress cold deformation thermal mechanical coupling simulation

收稿日期: 2021-03-18 出版日期: 2021-08-12

中图分类号:

TG166.3

通讯作者: 肖纳敏 E-mail: nmxiao@126.com

作者简介: 肖纳敏(1980-), 男, 研究员, 博士, 研究方向: 航空构件热处理工艺仿真及变形控制, 联系地址: 北京市海淀区温泉镇环山村8号(100095), E-mail: nmxiao@126.com

引用本文:

王浩, 肖纳敏, 李惠曲, 王晓. 7050铝合金结构件热处理与冷成形过程残余应力演化规律的数值模拟[J]. 材料工程, 2021, 49(8): 72-80.
Hao WANG, Na-min XIAO, Hui-qu LI, Xiao WANG. Modeling of residual stress evolution of 7050 aluminium alloy component during heat treatment and cold forming. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2021, 49(8): 72-80.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000242 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V49/I8/72

Fig.1 7050铝合金375 ℃(a)与室温(b)应力-应变曲线

Table 1 7050铝合金Hansel-Spittel本构模型参数

Table 2 7050铝合金比热、热导率与热扩散率

Table 3 7050铝合金的弹性常数

Table 4 7050铝合金的热膨胀系数

Fig.2 反求获得的界面换热系数
(a)锻件/空气界面换热系数; (b)锻件/水界面换热系数

Fig.3 淬火后铝合金试块中心1/4截面最大(a)和最小(b)主应力分布

Fig.4 不同压下量冷压时高度方向主应力对比图
(a)最大主应力；(b)最小主应力

Fig.5 不同压下量卸载后高度方向最大(a)和最小(b)主应力分布图

Fig.6 淬火与冷压后铝合金试块残余应力超声声速扫查图
(a)淬火后超声扫查；(b)3%冷压缩后超声扫查

Fig.7 铝合金筋条结构件示意图

Fig.8 热处理过程7050铝合金锻件1/4截面(长度方向)应力分布
(a)最大主应力分布; (b)最小主应力分布

Fig.9 锻件冷压缩示意图
(a)冷压筋条; (b)冷压辐板

Fig.10 锻件冷压缩前后应力分布(选取截面图)
(a)锻件冷压过程等效应力分布; (b)锻件冷压过程最大主应力分布

Fig.11 淬火与冷压后铝合金试块超声声速扫查图
(a)淬火后；(b)冷压筋条后；(c)冷压辐板后

Fig.12 锻件冷拉伸示意图

Fig.13 冷拉伸前后锻件1/4截面(长度方向)最大(a)与最小(b)主应力分布

Fig.14 淬火(a)与冷拉伸(b)后铝合金结构件残余应力超声声速扫查图

Fig.15 冷拉伸前后零件机加工变形对比图

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