几何参数对2219铝合金拉拔式摩擦塞补焊接头微观组织及力学性能的影响

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000657

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摘要

拉拔式摩擦塞补焊是火箭贮箱制造过程的重要技术之一。研究8 mm厚2219-T87铝合金拉拔式摩擦塞补焊接头的几何形状及其对接头微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明: 塞孔及成形环几何形状对接头界面结合质量有重要影响。当焊接工艺参数为7000 r·min^-1主轴转速, 35 kN轴向拉力以及16 mm轴向进给量时, 使用锥直孔塞孔可有效防止塞棒在焊接过程中发生颈缩, 从而消除接头未焊合缺陷; 使用阶梯孔形成形环可以改善接头界面受力状态, 防止弱结合缺陷产生。微观组织分析表明, 毗邻结合界面的母材侧组织发生动态再结晶, 热机械影响区组织发生明显塑性变形。接头附近组织受焊接热循环和塞棒旋转挤压作用发生明显软化, 硬度最低值出现在热机械影响区, 约为90HV。当接头存在焊接缺陷时, 接头抗拉强度及伸长率较母材大幅降低, 而无缺陷焊接接头的抗拉强度及伸长率分别为360.1 MPa和6.45%, 接头系数为0.828, 断裂方式为韧性断裂。

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	邵震
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	胡正根
	王非凡

关键词 ：拉拔式摩擦塞补焊, 2219铝合金, 接头几何参数, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract：

Friction pull plug welding is one of the key technologies in the manufacturing process of rocket tank.The geometrical shape and its effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction pull plug welding for the 8 mm thick 2219-T87 aluminum alloy were studied. The results show that the geometry of hole and forming ring has an important effect on the interface quality of the joint. When the welding parameters are 7000 r·min^-1 rotation speed, 35 kN axial tensile force and 16 mm axial feed, the use of tapered straight hole can effectively prevent the neck of plug during the welding process, so as to eliminate the lack of bonding defect. The stepped shaped forming ring can improve the stress state of interface and prevent the weak bonding defects. The microstructure analysis shows that dynamic recrystallization occurs at the base material side adjacent to the interface, and obvious plastic deformation occurs at the thermo-mechanical affected zone. The microstructure adjacent to the bonding interface is obviously softened by the welding thermal cycle and the rotary extrusion of the plug; and the lowest hardness value is about 90HV, which occurs in the thermal mechanical affected zone. When the joint has weld defects, the tensile strength of the joint significantly reduces compared with that of base material.The tensile strength and elongation of the joint without weld defects can reach 360.1 MPa and 6.45%, respectively, the joint coefficient is 0.828, and the fracture mode is ductile fracture.

Key words： friction pull plug welding 2219 aluminum alloy joint geometric parameter microstructure mechanical property

收稿日期: 2021-07-17 出版日期: 2022-01-19

中图分类号:

TG156

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(51875401);国家自然科学基金(52075376)

通讯作者: 崔雷 E-mail: leicui@tju.edu.cn

作者简介: 崔雷(1985—)，男，副教授，博士，研究方向为铝合金搅拌摩擦焊及摩擦塞补焊技术，联系地址：天津市津南区海河教育园区天津大学北洋园校区31教学楼(300350)，E-mail: leicui@tju.edu.cn

引用本文:

邵震, 崔雷, 王东坡, 陈永亮, 胡正根, 王非凡. 几何参数对2219铝合金拉拔式摩擦塞补焊接头微观组织及力学性能的影响[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(1): 25-32.
Zhen SHAO, Lei CUI, Dongpo WANG, Yongliang CHEN, Zhenggen HU, Feifan WANG. Influence of geometric parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction pull plug welding joints for 2219 aluminum alloy. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(1): 25-32.

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http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000657 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I1/25

Table 1 2219铝合金化学成分(质量分数/%)

Table 2 FPPW焊接工艺参数

Fig.1 FPPW原理示意图(a)及接头装配(b)

Fig.2 FPPW接头几何结构示意图
(a)塞棒；(b)1^#塞孔；(c)2^#塞孔；(d)1^#成形环；(e)2^#成形环

Table 3 塞孔与成形环匹配关系

Fig.3 拉伸试样尺寸示意图

Fig.4 不同温度下流变应力与应变的关系(a)260 ℃；(b)371 ℃；(c)482 ℃

Table 4 相关材料热物理参数

Fig.5 接头截面宏观形貌
(a)接头Ⅰ；(b)接头Ⅱ；(c)接头Ⅲ；(d)接头Ⅳ

Fig.6 接头Ⅲ(a)和接头Ⅳ(b)的应力场分布

Fig.7 接头界面结合形貌
(a)接头Ⅰ；(b)接头Ⅱ；(c)接头Ⅲ；(d)接头Ⅳ

Fig.8 接头Ⅳ不同区域的SEM图
(a)SEM图；(b)BM；(c)HAZ；(d)TMAZ；(e)RZ；(f)BI；(g)PM

Fig.9 接头Ⅳ截面硬度分布

Fig.10 母材与不同接头的抗拉强度及伸长率

Fig.11 FPPW接头拉伸断口形貌
(a)接头Ⅰ；(b)接头Ⅱ；(c)接头Ⅲ；(d)接头Ⅳ

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