Zr-Cu-Ni非晶钎料真空钎焊TiAl合金/316L不锈钢接头的界面组织与剪切性能

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000684

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摘要

采用自主设计制备的Zr-42.9Cu-21.4Ni非晶钎料对TiAl合金和316L不锈钢进行真空钎焊，研究钎焊温度和钎焊时间对TiAl合金/316L不锈钢异种金属接头微观组织和剪切性能的影响。结果表明：钎缝界面可以划分为6个不同的反应层。1040 ℃/10 min下制备的钎焊接头从TiAl合金到316L不锈钢侧界面组织依次为γ(TiAl)+AlCuTi/α₂(Ti₃Al)+AlCuTi/AlCu+ZrCuNi+FeZr/Cu₈Zr₃+ZrCuNi+TiFe+Fe₂Zr/FeZr+Fe₂Zr+TiFe₂+ZrCu/α-(Fe, Cr)。随着钎焊温度的升高，接头的抗剪强度先升高后降低。当钎焊温度为1040 ℃和钎焊时间25 min时，接头抗剪强度达到最大值162 MPa。断口分析表明，接头在FeZr+Fe₂Zr+TiFe₂+ZrCu界面处萌生，沿着Cu₈Zr₃+ZrCuNi+TiFe+Fe₂Zr和α-(Fe, Cr)扩展，呈解理断裂。

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	杨跃森
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	马月婷

关键词 ： TiAl合金, 316L不锈钢, 真空钎焊, Zr-Cu基非晶钎料, 界面组织, 抗剪强度

Abstract：

Vacuum brazing of TiAl alloy and 316L stainless steel (SS) was conducted using Zr-42.9Cu-21.4Ni amorphous filler metal. The effect of brazing temperature and brazing time on the microstructure and shear properties of the dissimilar metal joints between TiAl alloy and 316L stainless steel was investigated. The results show that the interface of the brazed joint can be divided into six different reaction layers. The microstructure of the brazed joints from TiAl alloy to 316L stainless steel at 1040 ℃/10 min is γ(TiAl)+AlCuTi/α₂(Ti₃Al)+AlCuTi/AlCu+ZrCuNi+FeZr/Cu₈Zr₃+ZrCuNi+TiFe+Fe₂Zr/FeZr+Fe₂Zr+TiFe₂+ZrCu/α-(Fe, Cr). With the increase of brazing temperature, the shear strength of brazed joints increase first and then decrease. The maximum shear strength of 162 MPa is obtained at 1040 ℃/25 min. Fracture analysis indicates that cracks initiate at the interface of FeZr+Fe₂Zr+TiFe₂+ZrCu, and then propagate along Cu₈Zr₃+ZrCuNi+TiFe+Fe₂Zr and α-(Fe, Cr) with cleavage fracture pattern.

Key words： TiAl alloy 316L stainless steel vacuum brazing Zr-Cu based amorphous filler metal interfacial microstructure shear strength

收稿日期: 2021-07-23 出版日期: 2022-05-23

中图分类号:

TG401

基金资助:国家自然科学基金面上项目(51674060)

通讯作者: 董红刚 E-mail: donghg@dlut.edu.cn

作者简介: 董红刚(1975—)，男，教授，博士，研究方向为异种材料连接工艺与冶金原理、焊接材料成分设计、焊接热过程数值计算，联系地址：辽宁省大连市甘井子区凌工路2号大连理工大学铸造中心304室(116024)，E-mail: donghg@dlut.edu.cn

引用本文:

杨跃森, 董红刚, 吴宝生, 李鹏, 杨江, 马月婷. Zr-Cu-Ni非晶钎料真空钎焊TiAl合金/316L不锈钢接头的界面组织与剪切性能[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(5): 52-61.
Yuesen YANG, Honggang DONG, Baosheng WU, Peng LI, Jiang YANG, Yueting MA. Interfacial microstructure and shear properties of vacuum brazing TiAl alloy/316L stainless steel joint with Zr-Cu-Ni amorphous filler metal. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(5): 52-61.

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http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000684 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I5/52

Table 1 母材化学成分(质量分数/%)

Fig.1 钎焊试样(a)和剪切试样(b)示意图

Fig.2 钎焊温度-时间曲线

Fig.3 TiAl合金/316L不锈钢不同钎焊温度下保温10 min时接头界面微观组织形貌
(a)1020 ℃; (b)1040 ℃; (c)1060 ℃; (d)1080 ℃

Fig.4 1040 ℃/10 min下典型钎焊接头微观组织分析
(a)1040 ℃/10 min下典型钎焊接头截面图; (b)图(a)中1区放大视图; (c)图(a)中2区放大视图; (d)图(a)中的线扫描结果

Table 2 Zr和Cu与母材中主要合金元素的混合焓(kJ·mol^-1)

Table 3 图 4中对应位置的EPMA点分析结果(原子分数/%)

Fig.5 TiAl合金/316L不锈钢不同钎焊温度下保温10 min时接头的抗剪强度

Fig.6 不同钎焊温度下TiAl合金/316L不锈钢典型接头断裂路径
(a)1040 ℃; (b)1060 ℃

Table 4 图 7中对应位置的EDS化学成分点分析结果(原子分数/%)

Fig.7 不同钎焊温度下保温10 min时接头断口特征形貌
(a)1040 ℃，316L侧; (b)钎焊温度1040 ℃，TiAl侧; (c)钎焊温度1060 ℃，316L侧; (d)钎焊温度1060 ℃，TiAl侧

Fig.8 钎焊温度为1040 ℃时，不同钎焊时间下TiAl合金/316L不锈钢接头的微观组织形貌
(a)10 min; (b)15 min; (c)25 min; (d)35 min

Fig.9 钎焊温度为1040 ℃时，不同钎焊时间下TiAl合金/316L不锈钢接头的抗剪强度

Fig.10 钎焊温度为1040 ℃时，不同钎焊时间下TiAl合金/316L不锈钢接头的断裂路径
(a)10 min; (b)15 min; (c)25 min; (d)35 min

Fig.11 TiAl合金/316L不锈钢钎焊接头形成演变示意图
(a)接头装配; (b)钎料熔化; (c)元素扩散; (d)各反应层最终状态

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