微量W元素的添加对CoCrFeNiMnAl高熵合金的组织与性能的影响

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000748

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摘要

高熵合金(HEAs)表现出比传统合金更为优异的耐磨耐蚀性能, 逐渐成为金属材料领域的研究热点。采用金属热还原法制备不同W含量的CoCrFeNiMnAlW_x(x=0.12, 0.15, 0.19)高熵合金, 研究微量W元素的添加对CoCrFeNiMnAlW_x高熵合金的相结构、微观组织与性能的影响。采用XRD, SEM和EDS等技术表征该合金的相结构、显微组织及元素分布, 利用材料表面性能测试仪和电化学工作站测定该合金的摩擦磨损性能和电化学腐蚀性能。结果表明: 不同W含量高熵合金均由两种不同晶格常数的BCC相组成, 随着W含量的增加, BCC1相微观相貌并没有明显的变化, 但是BCC2相的微观形貌和元素分布随W含量的变化而明显变化, 而耐磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能均有一定程度的提高, CoCrFeNiMnAlW_0.19合金的摩擦因数和磨损率分别为0.684和1.06×10^-5 mm³/(N·m), 磨损机制由黏着磨损转变为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损相结合, 最后再转变为摩擦磨损; 在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电流密度从6.08×10^-6 A/cm²减小到1.72×10^-6 A/cm², 腐蚀速率也逐渐减小。

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关键词 ：高熵合金, 铝热反应, 相结构, 耐腐蚀性能, 耐磨损性能

Abstract：

High entropy alloys (HEAs) show better wear resistance and corrosion resistance than traditional alloys, which has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of metal materials. CoCrFeNiMnAlW_x (x=0.12, 0.15, 0.19)high entropy alloys with different W content were prepared by metal thermal reduction. The effects of W addition on phase structure, microstructure and performance of CoCrFeNiMnAlW_x high entropy alloy were investigated. The phase structure, microstructure and element distribution of the alloy were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS. Surface performance tester and electrochemical workstation were adopted to detect corrosion resistance and wear resistance performance of CoCrFeNiMnAlW_x high entropy alloy. Results show that the high entropy alloys with different W contents are both composed of BCC phases with two different lattice contents. There is no obvious change in the micro-tissue of the dendrites with the increase content of W. However, microstructure between dendrites changes significantly with the change of W content. The wear resistance and corrosion resistance have certain degree of improvement, the friction coefficient and wear rate of CoCrFeNiMnAlW_0.19 alloy are 0.684 and 1.06×10^-5 mm³/(N·m) respectively. The wear mechanism is converted from adhesive wear to the combination of adhesion wear and abrasive particle wear, and finally is transformed to friction wear. The wear resistance performance of CoCrFeNiMnAlW_x high entropy alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution is increased with the increase of W content. Corrosion current density is decreased from 6.08×10^-6 A/cm² to 1.72×10^-6 A/cm², and the corrosion rate is gradually reduced.

Key words： high entropy alloy thermite reaction phase structure corrosion resistance wear resistance

收稿日期: 2021-08-09 出版日期: 2022-03-19

中图分类号:

TB31

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51971091)

通讯作者: 张昊 E-mail: zhanghao@ccsu.edu.cn

作者简介: 张昊(1981—)，男，副教授，博士，研究方向：铝合金及铝基复合材料成型性能、快速凝固与喷射沉积等，联系地址：湖南省长沙市开福区长沙学院机电工程学院(410022)，E-mail：zhanghao@ccsu.edu.cn

引用本文:

张昊, 吴昊, 唐啸天, 罗涛, 邓人钦. 微量W元素的添加对CoCrFeNiMnAl高熵合金的组织与性能的影响[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(3): 50-59.
Hao ZHANG, Hao WU, Xiaotian TANG, Tao LUO, Renqin DENG. Effect of microscale W elements on microstructure and properties of CoCrFeNiMnAl high entropy alloys. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(3): 50-59.

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http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000748 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I3/50

Table 1 不同W含量的CoCrFeNiMnAlW_x各主元摩尔比

Fig.1 铝热反应装置示意图^[23]

Fig.2 W_x-HEA (x=0.12, 0.15, 0.19)合金的XRD图谱(a)及BCC1相和BCC2相的晶格常数(b)

Fig.3 W_0.12-HEA(a)，W_0.15-HEA(b)和W_0.19-HEA(c)合金的SEM照片

Fig.4 W_0.12-HEA(a)，W_0.15-HEA(b)和W_0.19-HEA(c)合金的元素分布图

Table 2 W_x-HEA (x=0.12, 0.15, 0.19)合金的化学成分

Fig.5 W_x-HEA (x=0.12, 0.15, 0.19)高熵合金的硬度

Fig.6 W_x-HEA (x=0.12, 0.15, 0.19)合金的摩擦因数-时间曲线(a)和平均体积磨损量(b)

Table 3 W_x-HEA (x=0.12, 0.15, 0.19)合金的摩擦因数与磨损率

Fig.7 W_0.12-HEA(a)，W_0.15-HEA(b)和W_0.19-HEA(c)合金磨损实验后的表面形貌

Fig.8 W_x-HEA (x=0.12, 0.15, 0.19)合金的动态电势极化曲线

Table 4 W_x-HEA (x=0.12, 0.15, 0.19)合金的腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流密度和腐蚀速率

Fig.9 不同W元素含量微观组织中BCC1和BCC2相结构分布示意图
(a)x=0.12；(b)x=0.15；(c)x=0.19

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