Fe-Ni基合金设计中前过渡族元素对结构与性能的影响

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.001061

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摘要

铁镍(Fe-Ni)基合金具有优异的高温强度、良好的强韧匹配以及耐腐蚀、抗氧化等特性，在核能、航空、航天领域应用广泛。然而，随着现代工业的飞速发展，材料的服役环境愈发苛刻，传统Fe-Ni基合金无法满足未来重大工程的应用需求。添加合金化元素是优化Fe-Ni基合金使役性能的重要手段，已成为当下的研究热点之一。本文综述了前过渡族元素添加对Fe-Ni合金相结构及性能的影响。基于相图、相变的热力学基础理论，重点讨论前过渡族元素(RE，Ti，V，Cr，Zr，Nb，Mo，Hf，Ta，W等)添加对合金物相结构的影响，论述Fe-Ni基合金成分-结构-服役性能的关系，指出当前元素改性Fe-Ni基合金的研究工作偏向于多元合金协同作用于Fe-Ni基合金，缺乏添加单一元素的研究与相应的热、动力学的数据支撑。提出在明确单一元素添加对Fe-Ni基合金结构及性能作用规律的基础上，探索不同元素的作用机理，建立相应的热、动力学数据库，优化合金在氧化过程中的模拟与计算的解决方法。

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	陈小龙
	李文生
	娄明
	徐凯
	陈雷雷
	常可可

关键词 ：前过渡族元素, Fe-Ni基合金, 相图, 结构, 性能

Abstract：

Fe-Ni based alloys have been widely used in nuclear and aerospace industries due to their excellent high temperature strength, preferable combination of hardness and toughness, outstanding corrosion and oxidation resistance. However, with the accelerated development of modern industry, the service environment becomes more severe, thus the traditional Fe-Ni based alloys may hardly meet the requirements of future engineering applications. In this paper, the effects of the addition of pre-transition group elements on the phase structure and properties of Fe-Ni alloys were reviewed. Based on the basic theory of thermodynamics of phase diagram and phase transition, the focus is on the effects of addition of pre-transition group elements (RE, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, etc.) on the phase structure of the alloy; the relationship between the composition-structure-service properties of Fe-Ni-based alloys were further discussed; and it was pointed out that the current research work on element modified Fe-Ni based alloys tends to focus on the synergistic effect of multiple alloys on Fe-Ni based alloys, and lacks the research on adding a single element and the corresponding thermal and kinetic data support. On this basis, the mechanism of action of different elements was explored; the corresponding thermal and kinetic databases were established to optimize the simulation and calculation solutions of alloys in the oxidation process.

Key words： pre-transition element Fe-Ni based alloy phase diagram structure performance

收稿日期: 2021-11-02 出版日期: 2022-09-20

中图分类号:

TG142.1⁺3

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(52101026)

通讯作者: 常可可 E-mail: changkeke@nimte.ac.cn

作者简介: 常可可(1986—)，男，研究员，博士，研究方向为先进功能防护材料的相图、相变与设计，联系地址：浙江省宁波市镇海区庄市大道中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所(315201)，E-mail: changkeke@nimte.ac.cn

引用本文:

陈小龙, 李文生, 娄明, 徐凯, 陈雷雷, 常可可. Fe-Ni基合金设计中前过渡族元素对结构与性能的影响[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(9): 32-42.
Xiaolong CHEN, Wensheng LI, Ming LOU, Kai XU, Leilei CHEN, Keke CHANG. Influence of pre-transition elements on structures and properties in Fe-Ni based alloy design. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(9): 32-42.

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http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.001061 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I9/32

Fig.1 Fe-Ni二元(a)^[12]，Fe-Y二元(b)^[13]，Ni-Y二元(c)^[14]，Fe-Ni-Ti三元(d)^[15]和Fe-Ni-Cr三元(e)^[16]相图

Fig.2 不同Mo，Cr含量对硬度的影响^[25-26]

Table 1 添加微量元素的Fe-Ni基合金中常见的TCP相、GCP相和碳化物相^[38-39]

Fig.3 基于平衡相图数据库添加微量元素对Fe-Ni基合金析出行为的影响^[58]
(a)未添加(310S基体)；(b)添加Mo；(c)添加MoNbTi；(d)添加MoNbW

Fig.4 600~900 ℃退火温度下1Nb的硬度(a)，700 ℃退火条件下0.7Nb，1Nb，2Nb，2Mo的硬度(b)，1Nb的工程应力-应变曲线(c)^[62]

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