Al-Zn-Mg系铝合金的微合金化研究进展

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.001103

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摘要

Al-Zn-Mg系铝合金作为一种轻质高强合金在航空航天和交通等领域有着重要的应用。获得更高的力学性能以及更优的耐腐蚀性能是Al-Zn-Mg系合金的发展方向, 因此需要进一步优化其微观组织。在合金成分和热处理制度调控空间有限的情况下, 微合金化成为该合金性能改善的一种重要手段。本文简要总结了微合金化元素对Al-Zn-Mg系铝合金力学性能、热加工行为及耐腐蚀性能的影响, 重点关注了微合金化元素在不同工艺阶段下形成的第二相颗粒能有效细化晶粒并强烈阻碍位错运动; 讨论了热加工变形过程中钉扎晶界及亚晶界、抑制回复再结晶的作用; 阐述了提高合金耐腐蚀性能方法的内在机理。最后对Al-Zn-Mg系铝合金微合金化的研究方向进行展望, 深入理解微合金化元素间、主微合金元素间的相互作用机理, 实现微合金化元素的精准、精确投放将是未来主要的研究内容之一。明确微合金化元素在热加工过程中对变形组织及位错组态的调控作用将对提高合金耐腐蚀性能提供借鉴。

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	林方成
	程鹏明
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	孙军

关键词 ：微合金化, Al-Zn-Mg, 力学性能, 变形行为, 耐腐蚀性能

Abstract：

Al-Zn-Mg series aluminum alloys have important applications in aerospace, transportation etc, for their excellent properties of low density and high strength. Further optimizing the microstructure to obtain higher mechanical properties and better corrosion resistance is the development direction of Al-Zn-Mg alloys. Microalloying has become an important means of improving the properties of aluminum alloys, owing to the limited space for alloy composition optimization and heat treatment processes improvement. The effects of microalloying elements on the mechanical properties, hot deformation behavior and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg alloys were briefly summarized, focusing on the different effects of the second phase particles formed by microalloying elements in different process stages, such as effectively refine grains and strongly hinder the movement of dislocations. The effects of pin grain boundaries, sub-grain boundaries and inhibiting recrystallization during hot deformation were discussed. The internal mechanism of improving the corrosion resistance of the alloy was explained. In addition, the further research direction of microalloying of Al-Zn-Mg aluminum alloy was prospected, understanding the interaction mechanism of microalloying elements and dual alloying-microalloying elements to realize the precise and accurate addition of microalloying elements will be one of the main research contents in the future. Clarifying the regulation effect of microalloying elements on deformation structures and dislocation configurations during hot working will provide a reference for improving the corrosion resistance of alloys.

Key words： microalloying Al-Zn-Mg mechanical property deformation behavior corrosion resistance

收稿日期: 2021-11-11 出版日期: 2022-08-16

中图分类号:

TG146.2⁺1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51901173)

通讯作者: 程鹏明 E-mail: cpm307@xjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 程鹏明(1984—)，男，助理研究员，博士，研究方向为难熔金属及其合金的强韧化机理和变形行为，联系地址：陕西省西安市碑林区咸宁西路28号西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室(710049)，E-mail: cpm307@xjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

林方成, 程鹏明, 张鹏, 刘刚, 孙军. Al-Zn-Mg系铝合金的微合金化研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(8): 34-44.
Fangcheng LIN, Pengming CHENG, Peng ZHANG, Gang LIU, Jun SUN. Research progress in microalloying of Al-Zn-Mg series aluminum alloys. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(8): 34-44.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.001103 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I8/34

Table 1 25 ℃下添加不同Sc含量合金平行/垂直于凝固方向的力学性能^[20]

Fig.1 Al-0.09Sc-0.047Zr合金
(a)300 ℃时效288 h后α-Al/Al₃(Sc, Zr)界面处Al, Sc, Zr浓度分布图^[26]；(b)350 ℃时效2328 h后Al₃(Sc, Zr)粒子的HRTEM图像^[31]

Fig.2 不同Er含量的Al-Zn-Mg合金120 ℃下的时效硬化曲线^[37]

Fig.3 Y微合金化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中两种不同形态Al₈Cu₄Y颗粒的HAADF图像^[40]
(a)球形; (b)纳米网状

Fig.4 含0%(Sc+Zr)(a)和0.6%(Sc+Zr)(b)冷轧板470 ℃退火1 h后的EBSD图像以及Al₃(Sc+Zr)钉扎亚晶界(c)和位错(d)的TEM图像^[43]

Fig.5 4道次等通道转角挤压(EACP)后550 ℃退火试样中3种非共格的Al₃(Sc, Zr)颗粒形态^[46]
(a)Al₃(Sc, Zr)颗粒粗化导致界面非共格；(b)位错或晶界剪切导致界面非共格；(c)变形晶粒回复导致界面非共格；(1)整体HRTEM图像; (2)边缘HRTEM及Fourier滤波图像; (3)图(1)的FFT变化图像

Fig.6 Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金晶间腐蚀深度与抗拉强度的关系^{[39, 48-50]}

Fig.7 Al₃Sc_1-xZr_x粒子对合金SSRT结果及相应组织的影响^[53]
(a)拉伸曲线；(b)应力腐蚀开裂敏感性指数；(c), (d)3.5% NaCl腐蚀环境下断口SEM，EBSD及明场TEM图像

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