航空发动机用聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料固化工艺及热稳定性能

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.001238

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摘要

针对航空发动机的需求，开展聚酰亚胺树脂基结构复合材料固化工艺与热稳定性评价研究。建立EC-380A树脂的固化动力学方程，模拟树脂固化度随温度和时间的变化。进一步结合树脂流变特性，制定并验证EC-380A复合材料固化成型工艺，制备发动机大尺寸复合材料典型件。通过热老化失重、预置缺陷层合板内部质量和力学性能，评价复合材料的热稳定性。采用330~380℃多温度分级固化的方法，复合材料可整体铺贴无缺陷热压成型。复合材料热稳定性优异，具备370~400℃耐温能力，370℃和285℃累计热老化1000 h，复合材料失重在1.3%左右；400℃热老化后，复合材料无新增缺陷、预置缺陷无扩展，表现出高温结构稳定性。

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	倪洪江
	邢宇
	戴霄翔
	李军
	张代军
	陈祥宝

关键词 ：航空发动机复合材料, 聚酰亚胺, 固化工艺, 热稳定性, 预置缺陷

Abstract：

Aiming at the need of aero-engines, investigation was made into the curing process and thermal stability of a polyimide-matrix structural composite. The curing kinetic equation of EC-380A resin was established. The curing degree of the resin was simulated as a function of the curing temperature and time. Further, combined with the resin rheology, the curing process of the EC-380A composite was established and verified. Large-scaled aero-engine typical structural components were fabricated. Thermal stability of the composite was estimated by mass loss, internal quality of the flaw-embedded laminate, and mechanical property after thermal ageing. By multi-temperature step curing at 330-380℃, the flaw-free composite could be manufactured under the circumstance of an integrated layup. The composite has excellent thermal stability with thermal resistance of 370-400℃. The mass loss rate is around 1.3% after ageing for 1000 h at 370℃ and 285℃.No new flaw or propagation of the embedded flaw occurs for the composite after thermal ageing at 400℃, indicating a high-temperature structural stability.

Key words： composite for aero-engine polyimide curing process thermal stability embedded flaw

收稿日期: 2021-12-28 出版日期: 2022-07-18

中图分类号:

V258

基金资助:中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2019QNRC001);国家科技重大专项(J2019-Ⅵ-0013)

通讯作者: 倪洪江,陈祥宝 E-mail: nihongjiang@iccas.ac.cn;xiangbao.chen@biam.ac.cn

作者简介: 陈祥宝(1956—), 男, 研究员, 博士, 主要从事复合材料树脂基体、成型工艺和低成本技术研究, 联系地址: 北京81信箱3分箱(100095), E-mail: xiangbao.chen@biam.ac.cn
倪洪江(1987—), 男, 高级工程师, 博士, 主要从事聚酰亚胺材料及树脂基复合材料的研究, 联系地址: 北京81信箱3分箱(100095), E-mail: nihongjiang@iccas.ac.cn

引用本文:

倪洪江, 邢宇, 戴霄翔, 李军, 张代军, 陈祥宝. 航空发动机用聚酰亚胺树脂基复合材料固化工艺及热稳定性能[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(7): 102-109.
Hongjiang NI, Yu XING, Xiaoxiang DAI, Jun LI, Daijun ZHANG, Xiangbao CHEN. Curing process and thermal stability of polyimide-matrix composite for aero-engines. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(7): 102-109.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.001238 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I7/102

Fig.1 PI树脂不同升温速率下的DSC曲线

Fig.2 PI树脂固化起始温度T_i(a)、固化峰温度T_p(b)和固化终止温度T_f(c)

Table 1 PI树脂的固化反应数据

Fig.3 线性拟合曲线
(a)

; (b)lnβ-1/T_p

Fig.4 PI树脂固化度-温度-时间的模拟3D曲面

Fig.5 PI树脂等固化反应程度时间-温度模拟曲线

Table 2 PI树脂不同温度时固化所需时间

Fig.6 PI树脂的流变曲线

Fig.7 PI复合材料的浸入法超声波检测图
(a)厚度2 mm; (b)厚度4 mm

Fig.8 PI复合材料外涵机匣典型件

Fig.9 PI复合材料截面光学照片
(a)0°；(b)45°；(c)-45°；(d)90°

Fig.10 PI复合材料的热老化失重曲线

Fig.11 PI复合材料400 ℃热老化前后的接触法超声波检测
(a)热老化前，预置缺陷区域；(b)热老化前，正常区域；(c)热老化后，正常区域；(d)热老化后，预置缺陷边缘区域

Table 3 EC-380A复合材料400 ℃热老化前后的性能

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