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2222材料工程  2022, Vol. 50 Issue (6): 49-60    DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.001242
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航空发动机用树脂基复合材料应用进展与发展趋势
李军, 刘燕峰, 倪洪江, 张代军, 陈祥宝()
中国航发北京航空材料研究院 先进复合材料国防科技重点实验室, 北京 100095
Application progress and development trend of resin matrix composites for aero engine
Jun LI, Yanfeng LIU, Hongjiang NI, Daijun ZHANG, Xiangbao CHEN()
National Key Laboratory of Advanced Composites, AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China
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摘要 

树脂基复合材料具有比强度和比模量高、疲劳性能和耐腐蚀性能好等优点, 已经成为航空发动机冷端部件的应用和发展趋势。国外航空发动机用树脂基复合材料研究起步较早, 已经在多型发动机的风扇叶片、风扇机匣、外涵机匣、短舱等部件得到成熟应用, 并朝着结构形式更优、材料性能更好、制造成本更低、自动化程度更高的方向发展。国内树脂基复合材料发展基础良好, 但与国外相比在发动机上应用比例不高, 需要进一步提升设计、材料、制造、实验技术水平及工程化能力。本文重点论述国外航空发动机复合材料构件的结构、材料和工艺发展现状, 分析发展趋势, 从建立航空发动机用复合材料体系、加强应用研究和设计牵引、推进预研成果转化和自动化技术应用等方面提出相关建议。

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李军
刘燕峰
倪洪江
张代军
陈祥宝
关键词 航空发动机树脂基复合材料成型技术发展趋势工程应用    
Abstract

Resin matrix composites have many advantages such as high specific strength and modulus, good fatigue performance, corrosion resistance, and have become the application and development trend of aero engine components under 400 ℃. Foreign research on resin matrix composites for aero engine started earlier, which have been applied in fan blades, fan casings, outer ducts, nacelles and other components of multi-engine, and developed towards the trend of better structure, higher material performance, lower manufacturing cost and higher automation degree. The development foundation of domestic resin matrix composites is good, but compared with foreign countries the application proportion of resin matrix composites in engines in not high. It is necessary to furthur improve the technical level of design, materials, manufacturing, experiment and engineering ability. In this paper, foreign development status was discussed in the field of structures, materials and processing methods of aero engine composite components, the development trend was analyzed and corresponding suggestions were given, from the aspects of building composites system for aero engine, strengthening application research and design guide, promoting the transformation of pre-research achievements and application of automation technology.

Key wordsaero engine    resin matrix composites    processing technology    development trend    engineering application
收稿日期: 2021-12-28      出版日期: 2022-06-20
中图分类号:  V258  
通讯作者: 陈祥宝     E-mail: xiangbao.chen@biam.ac.cn
作者简介: 陈祥宝(1956—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事先进树脂基复合材料研制及应用研究,联系地址:北京市81信箱3分箱(100095),E-mail: xiangbao.chen@biam.ac.cn
引用本文:   
李军, 刘燕峰, 倪洪江, 张代军, 陈祥宝. 航空发动机用树脂基复合材料应用进展与发展趋势[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(6): 49-60.
Jun LI, Yanfeng LIU, Hongjiang NI, Daijun ZHANG, Xiangbao CHEN. Application progress and development trend of resin matrix composites for aero engine. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(6): 49-60.
链接本文:  
http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.001242      或      http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I6/49
Component Engine model Company Material
Fan rotor blade GE90 GE IM7/8551-7
LEAP-X SNECMA IM7/PR520
UltraFan Rolls-Royce IM7/M91
Outlet guide vane F119 P&W CFRP/AFR700B
PW4084, PW4168 P&W CFRP/PR500
Fan casing CF6-80C2, GE90 GE Kevlar/Epoxy
GEnx GE T700/PR520
Outer duct F404, F414 GE T300/PMR-15
M88-2 SNECMA T300/PMR-15
Table 1  树脂基复合材料在航空发动机上的主要应用[6-9]
Fig.1  GEnx发动机及其复合材料构件[11]
Fig.2  3D机织/RTM成型复合材料风扇叶片[25]
(a)成型模具;(b)风扇叶片
Fig.3  “超扇”发动机复合材料风扇叶片[29]
(a)自动铺放工艺;(b)风扇叶片
Engine model Company Material Molding method Blade number Diameter/m Service time
RB211 Rolls-Royce Ti-6Al-4V forming/diffusion bonding 22 1.88 In 1984
GE90 GE IM7/8551-7 Hand layering/compression moulding 22 3.12 In 1995
GEnx GE IM7/8551-7 Hand layering/compression moulding 18 2.8 In 2011
LEAP-X SNECMA IM7/PR520 3D woven/RTM molding 18 1.8 In 2016
UltraFan Rolls-Royce IM7/M91 Automatic placement/autoclave forming 18 3.56 Expected in 2030
Table 2  国外典型发动机风扇叶片材料及成型技术[12-13]
Fan casing structure Engine model Characteristics
High strength structural steel Trent500, CFM56-5B, CF6-6 It has the advantages of good strength and toughness, good protection effect, and is widely used in early engines, but its density and mass are large
Aluminum alloy/titanium alloy structure CFM56-7B(Al), Trent900 (Ti), Trent1000(Ti), TrentXWB(Ti) Compared with high strength structural steel, it has lower density, lighter mass and compact structure. However, it is difficult to process aluminum (titanium) alloy casing with a diameter greater than 2 m
Fiber winding reinforced structure CF6-80C2, Trent700, Trent800, GE90, PW2000, PW4000, PW4084 Low cost, light mass and strong tolerance
Fully composite structure GEnx, LEAP-X It is the future development direction to use two dimensional three direction weaving or three dimensional weaving, which has lighter weight
Table 3  国外发动机风扇机匣选材及使用情况[30-32]
Fig.4  LEAP-X发动机复合材料风扇包容机匣[40]
(a)机织物制备;(b)机匣无损检测
Fig.5  “超扇”发动机风扇包容机匣[29]
(a)自动铺放工艺;(b)风扇机匣
Generation Norbornene terminated type Phenylethylic anhydride terminated type Thermal resistance/℃
1 PMR-15 PETI-5, PETI-298 280-315
2 PMR-Ⅱ PETI-330, PETI-375, TriA-PI 316-370
3 DMBZ-15, AFR-700B AFR-PE-4 371-426
4 P2SI900HT >426
Table 4  国外热固性聚酰亚胺树脂基体发展现状[44]
Fig.6  M88-2发动机及复合材料外涵机匣[51]
(a)M88-2发动机;(b)外涵机匣
Fig.7  AE3007发动机出口导流叶片[66]
(a)叶片下料;(b)RTM成型单个叶片;(c)三联体叶片组合工装;(d)粘接后的三联体叶片
Fig.8  反推装置及叶栅结构[67]
(a)反推装置;(b)复合材料叶栅
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