航空发动机用树脂基复合材料应用进展与发展趋势

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.001242

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摘要

树脂基复合材料具有比强度和比模量高、疲劳性能和耐腐蚀性能好等优点, 已经成为航空发动机冷端部件的应用和发展趋势。国外航空发动机用树脂基复合材料研究起步较早, 已经在多型发动机的风扇叶片、风扇机匣、外涵机匣、短舱等部件得到成熟应用, 并朝着结构形式更优、材料性能更好、制造成本更低、自动化程度更高的方向发展。国内树脂基复合材料发展基础良好, 但与国外相比在发动机上应用比例不高, 需要进一步提升设计、材料、制造、实验技术水平及工程化能力。本文重点论述国外航空发动机复合材料构件的结构、材料和工艺发展现状, 分析发展趋势, 从建立航空发动机用复合材料体系、加强应用研究和设计牵引、推进预研成果转化和自动化技术应用等方面提出相关建议。

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	李军
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	张代军
	陈祥宝

关键词 ：航空发动机, 树脂基复合材料, 成型技术, 发展趋势, 工程应用

Abstract：

Resin matrix composites have many advantages such as high specific strength and modulus, good fatigue performance, corrosion resistance, and have become the application and development trend of aero engine components under 400 ℃. Foreign research on resin matrix composites for aero engine started earlier, which have been applied in fan blades, fan casings, outer ducts, nacelles and other components of multi-engine, and developed towards the trend of better structure, higher material performance, lower manufacturing cost and higher automation degree. The development foundation of domestic resin matrix composites is good, but compared with foreign countries the application proportion of resin matrix composites in engines in not high. It is necessary to furthur improve the technical level of design, materials, manufacturing, experiment and engineering ability. In this paper, foreign development status was discussed in the field of structures, materials and processing methods of aero engine composite components, the development trend was analyzed and corresponding suggestions were given, from the aspects of building composites system for aero engine, strengthening application research and design guide, promoting the transformation of pre-research achievements and application of automation technology.

Key words： aero engine resin matrix composites processing technology development trend engineering application

收稿日期: 2021-12-28 出版日期: 2022-06-20

中图分类号:

V258

通讯作者: 陈祥宝 E-mail: xiangbao.chen@biam.ac.cn

作者简介: 陈祥宝(1956—)，男，研究员，博士，主要从事先进树脂基复合材料研制及应用研究，联系地址：北京市81信箱3分箱(100095)，E-mail: xiangbao.chen@biam.ac.cn

引用本文:

李军, 刘燕峰, 倪洪江, 张代军, 陈祥宝. 航空发动机用树脂基复合材料应用进展与发展趋势[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(6): 49-60.
Jun LI, Yanfeng LIU, Hongjiang NI, Daijun ZHANG, Xiangbao CHEN. Application progress and development trend of resin matrix composites for aero engine. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(6): 49-60.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.001242 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I6/49

Table 1 树脂基复合材料在航空发动机上的主要应用^[6-9]

Fig.1 GEnx发动机及其复合材料构件^[11]

Fig.2 3D机织/RTM成型复合材料风扇叶片^[25]
(a)成型模具；(b)风扇叶片

Fig.3 “超扇”发动机复合材料风扇叶片^[29]
(a)自动铺放工艺；(b)风扇叶片

Table 2 国外典型发动机风扇叶片材料及成型技术^[12-13]

Table 3 国外发动机风扇机匣选材及使用情况^[30-32]

Fig.4 LEAP-X发动机复合材料风扇包容机匣^[40]
(a)机织物制备；(b)机匣无损检测

Fig.5 “超扇”发动机风扇包容机匣^[29]
(a)自动铺放工艺；(b)风扇机匣

Table 4 国外热固性聚酰亚胺树脂基体发展现状^[44]

Fig.6 M88-2发动机及复合材料外涵机匣^[51]
(a)M88-2发动机；(b)外涵机匣

Fig.7 AE3007发动机出口导流叶片^[66]
(a)叶片下料；(b)RTM成型单个叶片；(c)三联体叶片组合工装；(d)粘接后的三联体叶片

Fig.8 反推装置及叶栅结构^[67]
(a)反推装置；(b)复合材料叶栅

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