1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2 State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Zr is one of the most deeply investigated and widely used microalloying elements. The low diffusivity of Zr and the formation of thermal-stable Al3Zr dispersoids with the properties of low density, high melting temperature and low interface misfit in Al matrix, making Zr owing a broad prospect of application in developing heat-resistant Al alloys. However, strengthening by Al3Zr has been limited by either low number density or low volume fraction. In addition, the interaction among multiple components is very complex in multi-component Al alloys during solidification, deformation and heat treatment, and it is very difficult to achieve a good combination in strengthening of Al3Zr with the intrinsic phase of each system. In this review, the existing form, the precipitation and coarsening behavior, and the strengthening mechanism of Zr element in Zr-containing Al alloys were summarized. The mechanism of complex microalloying with multiple elements on promoting Al3Zr dispersion was briefly introduced. Finally, the effects of Zr addition on several series of Al-based alloys were summarized. In sum, microalloying with Zr is of great significance for regulating microstructure and improving room temperature/high temperature strength in Al alloys.
Fig.2 Al3Zr弥散相内部的反相畴界 (a)TEM dark-field images documenting coarsening of L12-Al3Zr at 425 ℃, and the appearance of APB during aging[35]; (b)3D atomic model of the Al3Zr-L12 sheared precipitate showing the successive glide planes and the sequence of shears(the corresponding projection along [001] is shown in an inset at each step)[38]
Fig.3 Al3Zr协助MgZn2形核原子示意图[42] (a)homogeneous distribution of solutes; (b)Zn partitioning into Al3Zr dispersoids after solution heat treatment; (c)solute segregation to the interfaces of L12 dispersoids in the initial state of aging; (d)L12 dispersoids assisted η′ formation during aging
Fig.4 Al3Zr粒子的析出行为模拟 (a)equilibrium Al-rich Al-Zr binary phase diagram with metastable Al3Zr(L12) solvus calculated by ab-initio calculations[14]; predicted number density and mean radius as a function of the distance between dendrite edge and center(b), Zr concentration after 480 ℃/24 h homogenization(c)[70]
Fig.6 Zr元素偏聚对析出相热稳定性的影响[85] (a)hardness data for the as-aged and heat-treated at temperatures ranging between 200 ℃ and 350 ℃ (200 h exposure time at each temperature), corresponding SEM-BSE figures displaying the size/density/distribution of Al2Cu precipitates; (b)APT 2D contour plots of a precipitate cross section for an ACMZ alloy exposed to 350 ℃ for 2000 h
Fig.7 Zr微量添加对一些3×××合金组织/性能的影响 (a)precipitation of α-Al(Mn, Fe)Si dispersoids and their strengthening effect in AA3003 alloy[89]; (b)enhanced precipitation behaviour of α in 3003 alloy with high Si content[64]; (c)hardening effect caused by Al3(Sc, Zr) particles in an Al-Mn-Sc-Zr alloy[92]; (d)bright-field and center-dark-field TEM images showing both α- and Al3(Sc, Zr) dispersoids in an AA3004 alloy with Sc and Zr additions[93]
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), 陈晓华2, 王艳林1, 陈凯旋1, 朱谕至1
