柔性储能电池电极的设计、制备与应用

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000512

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摘要

随着便携式、可穿戴电子器件的迅速发展，柔性储能器件的研究逐渐转向微型化、轻柔化和智能化等方向。同时人们对器件的能量密度、功率密度和力学性能有了更高的要求。电极材料作为柔性储能器件的核心部分，是决定器件性能的关键。柔性储能电子器件的发展，又迫切需要新型电池技术和快速、低成本且可精准控制其微结构的制备方法。因此，柔性锂/钠离子电池、柔性锂硫电池、柔性锌空电池等新型储能器件的研发成为目前学术界研究的热点。本文论述了近年来柔性储能电池电极的研究现状，着重对柔性电极材料的设计(独立柔性电极和柔性基底电极)、不同维度柔性电极材料的制备工艺(一维材料、二维材料和三维材料)和柔性储能电极的应用(柔性锂/钠离子电池、柔性锂硫电池、柔性锌空电池)进行对比分析，并对电极材料的结构特性和电化学性能进行了讨论。最后，指出了柔性储能器件目前所面临的问题，并针对此类问题展望了柔性储能器件未来的重点在于新型固态电解质的研发、器件结构的合理设计及封装技术的不断优化。

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	黄英
	陈晨
	李超
	王佳明
	张帅
	张政
	贾全兴
	路梦伟
	韩小鹏
	高小刚

关键词 ：柔性, 储能器件, 电极设计, 可穿戴设备, 制备工艺

Abstract：

With the rapid development of portable and wearable electronic devices, research on flexible energy storage devices has gradually shifted to the directions of miniaturization, softness and intelligence. At the same time, people have higher requirements for the energy density, power density and mechanical properties of the device. As the core part of flexible energy storage devices, electrode material is the key to determining device performance. With the development of flexible energy storage electronic devices, there is an urgent need for new battery technology and fast, low cost and precise control of their microstructure preparation methods. Therefore, the research and development of new energy storage devices such as flexible lithium/sodium-ion batteries, flexible lithium-sulfur batteries, and flexible zinc-air batteries have become the current research hotspots in academia. The current research status of flexible energy storage battery electrodes in recent years was discussed in this paper, the design of flexible electrode materials (independent flexible electrodes and flexible substrate electrodes), and the preparation process of flexible electrode materials of different dimensions (one-dimensional materials, two-dimensional materials and three-dimensional materials) and applications of flexible energy storage electrodes (flexible lithium/sodium ion batteries, flexible lithium-sulfur batteries, flexible zinc-air batteries) were compared and analyzed, and the structural characteristics and electrochemical properties of electrode materials were discussed. Finally, the current problems faced by flexible energy storage devices were pointed out, and the future focus of flexible energy storage devices was the research and development of new solid electrolytes, the rational design of device structures and the continuous optimization of packaging technology.

Key words： flexible energy storage device electrode design wearable device preparation process

收稿日期: 2021-05-31 出版日期: 2022-04-18

中图分类号:

TM91

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51872236);国家自然科学基金项目(52072307)

通讯作者: 黄英 E-mail: yingh@nwpu.edu.cn

作者简介: 黄英(1961—)，女，教授，博士生导师，主要从事功能材料的研究，联系地址：陕西省西安市长安区东祥路1号西北工业大学化学与化工学院(710129)，E-mail: yingh@nwpu.edu.cn

引用本文:

黄英, 陈晨, 李超, 王佳明, 张帅, 张政, 贾全兴, 路梦伟, 韩小鹏, 高小刚. 柔性储能电池电极的设计、制备与应用[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(4): 1-14.
Ying HUANG, Chen CHEN, Chao LI, Jiaming WANG, Shuai ZHANG, Zheng ZHANG, Quanxing JIA, Mengwei LU, Xiaopeng HAN, Xiaogang GAO. Design, preparation and application of electrodes for flexible energy storage batteries. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(4): 1-14.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000512 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I4/1

Fig.1 柔性基底电极制备流程图
(a)Ni-MOF@NiS₂@C核壳异质纳米结构的制备示意图^[10]；(b)Na-Ti₃C₂T_x-CC金属阳极制备流程图^[14]

Fig.2 一维电极材料的制备示意图
(a)中空碳纤维织物的制备流程图及实物图^[20]；(b)碳纳米管纤维实物图^[21]；(c)石墨烯@聚合物核-壳纤维(G@PFs)的制备流程图^[22]

Fig.3 溅射镀膜技术^[25]
(a)在PET衬底上沉积ITO/Cu/ITO多层膜的中试RTR溅射工艺原理图；(b)在涂覆顶层ITO层之前，在倒卷辊上轧制Cu/ITO/PET基板；(c)涂覆在PET基材上的透明弯曲ITO/Cu/ITO多层膜图片

Fig.4 喷墨印刷电极^[28]
(a)印刷电极的柔韧性展示图；(b)电极SEM横截面图；(c)FESEM图像

Fig.5 叉指式锂离子微电池^[32]
(a)LFP-LTO叉指式锂离子微电池的制备示意图；(b)LFP-LTO的SEM图；(c)封装后由LTO-LFP电极组成的3D微型电池的光学图像

Fig.6 可伸缩储能设备
(a)基于设备尺度波状结构和弹性黏性隔板的可伸缩电池示意图^[34]；(b)折叠式锂电池的折叠示意图^[35]

Fig.7 使用集成的三合一纤维膜组装的Li-S袋电池在不同折叠状态下的LED照明测试^[44]

Fig.8 锌-空气电池制备原理及性能测试^[49]
(a)TEAOH-PVA电解质的合成及柔性ZAB的原理图；(b)~(d)柔性ZAB在LED屏幕、电子手表和手机上的应用；(e)柔性ZAB在不同弯折程度的循环性能测试

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