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2222材料工程  2022, Vol. 50 Issue (1): 56-66    DOI: 10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000191
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超薄材料电催化CO2还原合成液体燃料
王裕超1,2, 李倩1,2, 曾坚3, 唐帅豪3, 郑焕然2, 许梁3, 陈志彦1,*(), 雷永鹏2,*()
1 中南林业科技大学 材料科学与工程学院, 长沙 410004
2 中南大学 粉末冶金国家重点实验室, 长沙 410083
3 江西理工大学 能源与机械工程学院, 南昌 330013
Ultra-thin materials for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to prepare liquid fuels
Yuchao WANG1,2, Qian LI1,2, Jian ZENG3, Shuaihao TANG3, Huanran ZHENG2, Liang XU3, Zhiyan CHEN1,*(), Yongpeng LEI2,*()
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
3 School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
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摘要 

电催化CO2还原反应(CO2RR)不仅可以减轻过量CO2造成的负面影响, 而且生成的含碳燃料有利于缓解能源短缺。但是, CO2RR路径较为复杂, 存在着选择性低、电流密度低和稳定性差等问题, 亟需开发高效廉价的催化剂来推进其发展。超薄材料具有大的比表面积、充分暴露的活性位点、加快的动力学传质和可调的电子结构等优势, 有望突破CO2RR的研究瓶颈, 因此备受关注。本文总结了近4年来不同超薄催化剂的合成及其在电催化CO2还原产液体燃料(甲酸、甲醇、乙酸)中的应用, 探讨了超薄材料相较于块体材料的优势及其对催化活性、选择性以及反应路径的影响, 并针对未来的发展趋势提出一些建议, 包括超薄催化剂的合成方法学、作为载体的潜力、机理分析和机器学习。

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王裕超
李倩
曾坚
唐帅豪
郑焕然
许梁
陈志彦
雷永鹏
关键词 超薄材料CO2还原液体燃料电催化    
Abstract

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) can not only alleviate the negative effects caused by excessive CO2, but also produce the carbon-containing fuels to alleviate energy shortages. However, the reactive paths of CO2RR are relatively complicated, and the problems such as low selectivity, low current density and poor stability exist. It is urgent to develop efficient and inexpensive catalysts to promote its development. Ultra-thin materials have the advantages of large specific surface area, fully exposed active sites, accelerated kinetic mass transfer, and adjustable electronic structure. They are expected to break the bottleneck of CO2RR, thus receiving widespread attention. Here, the synthesis and application of ultra-thin materials in the past four years in electrocatalytic CO2RR to produce liquid fuels (formic acid, methanol, acetic acid) were briefly summarized. The advantages of ultra-thin materials over bulk materials and their influence on catalytic activity, selectivity and reaction paths were discussed. Also, some suggestions for future development trends, including the synthesis methodology of ultra-thin materials, their potential as supports, mechanism analysis and machine learning were put forward.

Key wordsultra-thin material    CO2 reduction    liquid fuel    electrocatalysis
收稿日期: 2021-03-14      出版日期: 2022-01-19
中图分类号:  TQ426  
基金资助:长沙市科技局计划项目(kq1801079);湖南省二维材料重点实验室开放基金项目(KF20200003)
通讯作者: 陈志彦,雷永鹏     E-mail: spchen@163.com;lypkd@163.com
作者简介: 雷永鹏(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事清洁能源催化材料及器件等相关工作,联系地址:湖南省长沙市岳麓区麓山南路932号中南大学粉末冶金国家重点实验室(410083),E-mail: lypkd@163.com
陈志彦(1970—),男,教授,博士,研究方向为功能材料及其催化性能等相关工作,联系地址:湖南省长沙市天心区韶山南路498号中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院(410004),E-mail: spchen@163.com
引用本文:   
王裕超, 李倩, 曾坚, 唐帅豪, 郑焕然, 许梁, 陈志彦, 雷永鹏. 超薄材料电催化CO2还原合成液体燃料[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(1): 56-66.
Yuchao WANG, Qian LI, Jian ZENG, Shuaihao TANG, Huanran ZHENG, Liang XU, Zhiyan CHEN, Yongpeng LEI. Ultra-thin materials for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to prepare liquid fuels. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(1): 56-66.
链接本文:  
http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000191      或      http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I1/56
Fig.1  用于电催化CO2RR超薄催化剂的种类、合成、优势及其液体产物
Catalyst Product Electrolyte FE/% Current density/(mA·cm-2) Stability Reference
N-Sn(S) Formate 0.1 mol·L-1 KHCO3 (flow cell) 93.3(-0.7 V) ≈30(-0.7 V) 20 h [27]
Bi2O3-NGQDs Formate 0.5 mol·L-1 KHCO3 ≈100(-0.9V) ≈16(-0.9V) 15 h [28]
Bi nanosheets Formate 0.1 mol·L-1 KHCO3 86.0(-1.1 V) 14.2(-1.1 V) 10 h [29]
Bi nanoflake Formate 0.1 mol·L-1 KHCO3 ≈100(-0.6 V) ≈20.2(-0.6 V) 10 h [30]
BiNS Formate 0.5 mol·L-1 NaHCO3 ≈100(-1.05 V) ≈22(-1.05 V) 10 h [31]
BiOBr Formate 0.1 mol·L-1 KHCO3 >99(-0.95 V) ≈60(-0.95 V) 65 h [32]
Bismuthene Formate 0.5 mol·L-1KHCO3 99(-0.58 V) ≈15(-0.58 V) 75 h [33]
Bi-ene Formate 0.5 mol·L-1 KHCO3 >97(-1.18 V) 72.04(-1.18 V) 12 h [34]
SnS NSs Formate 0.5 mol·L-1 KHCO3 82.1(-1.1 V) 18.9(-1.1 V) 10 h [35]
SnOx nanoflake Formate 0.5 mol·L-1 KHCO3 90.8(-1.37 V) 40.9(-1.37 V) 10 h [36]
mp-SnO2 Formate 0.5 mol·L-1 NaHCO3 83(-0.9 V) ≈14(-0.9 V) 12 h [37]
5%Ni-SnS2 Formate 0.1 mol·L-1 KHCO3 80(-0.9 V) 15.7(-0.9 V) 8 h [38]
SnS2/rGO Formate 0.5 mol·L-1 NaHCO3 84.5(-0.75 V) 11.7(-0.75 V) 14 h [39]
Sn quantum sheets Formate 0.1 mol·L-1 NaHCO3 89(-1.15 V) 18.8(-1.15 V) 50 h [40]
Single atom Snδ+ Formate 0.25 mol·L-1 KHCO3 74.3(-0.95 V) 8.7(-0.95 V) 200 h [41]
SbNS-G Formate 0.5 mol·L-1 NaHCO3 88.5(-0.96 V) ≈7.5(-0.96V) 12 h [42]
Co3O4 layers Formate 0.1 mol·L-1 KHCO3 64.3(-0.23 V) ≈0.4(-0.23 V) 20 h [43]
Partially oxidized Co Formate 0.1 mol·L-1 Na2SO4 90.1(-0.2 V) 9.5(-0.2 V) 40 h [44]
VO-rich Co3O4 Formate 0.1 mol·L-1 KHCO3 87.6(-0.22 V) 2.4(-0.22 V) 40 h [45]
Pd/SnO2 NSs Methanol 0.1 mol·L-1 NaHCO3 54.8(-0.24 V) ≈0.8(-0.24 V) 24 h [46]
Fe2P2S6 nanosheet Methanol 0.5mol·L-1 KHCO3 65.2(-0.2 V) ≈0.2(-0.2 V) 30 h [47]
Cu nanosheets Acetic acid 2 mol·L-1 KOH (flow cell) 48(-0.74 V) 131(-0.74 V) 3 h [48]
Table 1  超薄材料用于电催化CO2RR产液体燃料的总结
Fig.2  CO2RR产甲酸/甲酸盐可能的反应路径[25]
(a)CO2-自由基中间体路径;(b)单齿或双齿中间体路径;(c)表面键合碳酸根中间体路径
Fig.3  超薄Bi基催化剂用于电催化CO2还原
(a)液相刻蚀制备Bi纳米片[29];(b)BiOI的扫描电镜(SEM)图[31];(c)BiOI的原子力显微镜(AFM)照片[31];(d)不同厚度Bi纳米片的线性扫描伏安曲线[33];(e)不同厚度Bi纳米片的甲酸FE对比[33];(f)铋烯的稳定性曲线[33];(g)原位红外光谱[34]
Fig.4  超薄Sn,Co基催化剂用于电催化CO2还原
(a)介孔SnO2纳米片的制备[37];(b)态密度的比较[38];(c)石墨烯限域Sn量子片的高分辨TEM照片[40];(d)石墨烯限域Sn量子片的AFM照片[40];(e)甲酸生成的塔菲尔点[40];(f)石墨烯负载的Sn单原子[41];(g)傅里叶变换的X射线吸收精细结构能谱[45];(h)产甲酸的FE[45]
Fig.5  CO2RR产甲醇可能的反应路径[53]
Fig.6  超薄材料催化CO2深度还原
(a)Fe2P2S6纳米片不同产物的FE[47];(b)同位素标记实验的核磁结果[47];(c)三角形Cu纳米片的TEM图[48];(d)三角形Cu纳米片的AFM照片[48];(e)各种产物的FE[48];(f)不同碱度电解液中的电流密度差异[48];(g)C2+产物的反应机理[48]
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