超声对铝/镁异质合金搅拌摩擦焊接成形的影响

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000597

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摘要

开展了厚度为4 mm的6061铝合金/AZ31B镁合金板的搅拌摩擦对接工艺实验，对比分析了常规搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和超声振动强化搅拌摩擦焊(UVeFSW)的焊缝横截面与水平截面的材料流动情况、界面金属间化合物厚度、机械锁合程度以及接头拉伸性能等，探究了超声振动的作用机理。结果表明：超声振动能够促进接头不同部位的材料流动和热量传输，从而减小甚至消除焊接缺陷; 施加超声振动后，铝/镁界面处的金属间化合物均有所减薄，同时界面机械锁合程度也均有所增强，因此UVeFSW接头的抗拉强度相比于同一工艺参数时FSW接头有所提高，施加超声振动后接头的最高抗拉强度达到了174.20 MPa。

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	王涛
	武传松

关键词 ：搅拌摩擦焊, 超声振动, 材料流动, 金属间化合物, 机械锁合, 力学性能

Abstract：

The friction stir butt joint process experiment of 6061 aluminum alloy/AZ31B magnesium alloy plate with thickness of 4 mm was carried out. The material flow in transverse cross-section and horizontal-section, the thickness of the intermetallic compound layers, the mechanical interlocking, and the tensile properties of conventional friction stir welding (FSW) and ultrasonic vibration enhanced friction stir welding (UVeFSW) were compared and analyzed. The action mechanism of ultrasonic vibration was explored. The results show that ultrasonic vibration can promote material flow and heat transfer in different parts of the joint, thereby reduce or even eliminate weld defects. When ultrasonic vibration is applied, the intermetallic compound layer at the aluminum/magnesium interface is thinned, and the mechanical interlocking on the interface is enhanced, so the tensile strength of the UVeFSW joints is improved compared to the FSW joint under the same process parameters. The maximum tensile strength of the UVeFSW joints reaches 174.20 MPa.

Key words： friction stir welding ultrasonic vibration material flow intermetallic compound mechanical interlocking mechanical property

收稿日期: 2021-06-28 出版日期: 2022-05-23

中图分类号:

TG44

基金资助:国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(52035005)

通讯作者: 武传松 E-mail: wucs@sdu.edu.cn

作者简介: 武传松(1959—)，男，教授，博士，研究方向为焊接物理、高效焊接工艺数值模拟与检测控制，联系地址：山东省济南市经十路17923号山东大学材料科学与工程学院(250061)，E-mail: wucs@sdu.edu.cn

引用本文:

王涛, 武传松. 超声对铝/镁异质合金搅拌摩擦焊接成形的影响[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(5): 20-34.
Tao WANG, Chuansong WU. Effect of ultrasonic on friction stir welding formation of aluminum/magnesium dissimilar alloys. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(5): 20-34.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000597 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I5/20

Table 1 母材的名义化学成分(质量分数/%)

Table 2 母材的力学性能

Fig.1 超声强化搅拌摩擦焊过程示意图^[7]

Fig.2 FSW焊缝局部区域材料的宏观流动情况
(a)接头横断面; (b)F1区域; (c)F2区域

Fig.3 UVeFSW焊缝局部区域材料的宏观流动情况
(a)接头横断面; (b)U1区域; (c)U2区域

Fig.4 取样位置示意图
(a)水平面位置; (b)取样位置

Fig.5 HP-1水平面材料宏观流动
(a)FSW; (b)UVeFSW

Fig.6 HP-2水平面材料宏观流动
(a)FSW; (b)UVeFSW

Fig.7 HP-3水平面材料宏观流动
(a)FSW; (b)UVeFSW

Fig.8 焊缝横断面宏观金相图像(ω=600 r/min，v=40 mm/min)
(a)FSW; (b)UVeFSW

Fig.9 焊缝横断面宏观金相图像(ω=900 r/min，v=50 mm/min)
(a)FSW; (b)UVeFSW

Fig.10 焊核区微观区域结合情况(ω=700 r/min, v=40 mm/min)
(a)FSW; (b)UVeFSW

Fig.11 高热输入时界面IMCs位置选取
(a)FSW; (b)UVeFSW

Fig.12 低热输入时界面IMCs位置选取
(a)FSW; (b)UVeFSW

Fig.13 焊缝Al/Mg界面T(1), M(2), B(3)区域的SEM图像(ω=800 r/min, v=20 mm/min)
(a)FSW; (b)UVeFSW

Fig.14 焊缝Al/Mg界面T(1), M(2), B(3)区域的SEM图像(ω=700 r/min, v=40 mm/min)
(a)FSW; (b)UVeFSW

Fig.15 高热输入时FSW接头界面形貌
(a)界面宏观形貌; (b)~(e)F1~F4区域界面微观形貌

Fig.16 高热输入时UVeFSW接头界面形貌
(a)界面宏观形貌; (b)~(e)U1~U4区域界面微观形貌

Fig.17 低热输入时FSW接头界面形貌
(a)界面宏观形貌; (b)~(e)F1~F4区域界面微观形貌

Fig.18 低热输入时UVeFSW接头界面形貌
(a)界面宏观形貌; (b)~(e)U1~U4区域界面微观形貌

Table 3 三组典型工艺参数

Fig.19 FSW和UVeFSW接头的抗拉强度

Fig.20 FSW(1)与UVeFSW(2)接头的断裂位置
(a)高热输入(ω=800 r/min, v=20 mm/min); (b)低热输入(ω=700 r/min, v=40 mm/min)

Fig.21 接头断口的宏观金相照片
(a)FSW; (b)UVeFSW

Fig.22 FSW接头断口形貌
(a)断口形貌; (b)A处局部放大图; (c)B处局部放大图

Fig.23 UVeFSW接头断口形貌
(a)断口形貌; (b)A处局部放大图; (c)B处局部放大图; (d)C处局部放大图

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