退火态激光选区熔化成形AlSi10Mg合金组织与力学性能

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000444

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摘要

AlSi10Mg合金具有高比强度、高耐磨性等优良特点。由于其成分接近共晶点，成形性能良好，被广泛应用于激光选区熔化技术。然而其热处理制度仍然沿用传统铸态合金的热处理规范，影响了其性能的充分发挥。本工作采用激光选区熔化技术制备了AlSi10Mg合金，并研究了沉积态和后续热处理过程中组织演化规律及其对室温力学性能的影响机制。研究发现：沉积态组织由沿沉积方向生长的α-Al柱状枝晶及枝晶间网状Al-Si共晶组成，具有强烈的〈100〉方向织构，沉积层由三部分组成，分别是细晶区、粗晶区及热影响区，抗拉强度389.5 MPa，伸长率4%。退火过程中，共晶Si破碎、球化，基体中过饱和Si不断析出长大。当退火温度从200 ℃提高到500 ℃时，Si颗粒发生Ostwald熟化，平均尺寸增长了23倍。经过300 ℃和500 ℃退火处理后，试样抗拉强度分别为287.0 MPa和268.0 MPa，但伸长率分别提高到10.3%和17.2%。

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	梁恩泉
	代宇
	白静
	周亚雄
	彭东剑
	王清正
	康楠
	林鑫

关键词 ：激光选区熔化, 增材制造, AlSi10Mg合金, 热处理, 组织演化

Abstract：

AlSi10Mg alloy has excellent characteristics such as high specific strength and good wear resistance. The composition of AlSi10Mg alloy is close to the eutectic point, thus it has good forming property and has been widely used in selective laser melting processing. However, for this moment, only the conventional annealing strategy is employed in the selective laser melted AlSi10Mg component, which greatly limits their further applications. In this work, the effects of several annealing on the microstructure and tensile properties of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg alloys were investigated. The results show that the as-fabricated sample presents a mixed structure of columnar α-Al and eutectic Al-Si structure along building direction, which possesses a strong texture of α-Al 〈100〉. The single molten pool consists of fine grain region, coarse grain region and heat affected region. The as-fabricated sample shows ultimate strength of 389.5 MPa with 4% elongation to failure. During the heat treatment, the eutectic Si is broken and spheroidized along with precipitation of supersaturated Al(Si). When the annealing temperature increases from 200 ℃ to 500 ℃, the silicon particle suffers the Ostwald ripening for size increase of 23 times. The samples heat treated at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ show the ultimate strength of 287.0 MPa and 268.0 MPa, and elongation of 10.3% and 17.2%, respectively.

Key words： selective laser melting additive manufacturing AlSi10Mg alloy heat treatment microstructural evolution

收稿日期: 2021-05-10 出版日期: 2022-05-23

中图分类号:

TG146.2

基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2016YFB1100100);国家自然科学基金项目(52005411)

通讯作者: 梁恩泉,康楠,林鑫 E-mail: liangenquan@comac.cc;nan.kang@nwpu.edu.cn;xlin@nwpu.edu.cn

作者简介: 林鑫(1973—)，男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为增材制造与创新设计、精确凝固理论与技术，联系地址：陕西省西安市友谊西路127号西北工业大学友谊校区凝固技术国家重点实验室(710072)，E-mail: xlin@nwpu.edu.cn
康楠(1988—)，男，副教授，博士，主要从事金属增材制造研究，联系地址：陕西省西安市友谊西路127号西北工业大学友谊校区凝固技术国家重点实验室(710072)，E-mail: nan.kang@nwpu.edu.cn
梁恩泉(1985—)，男，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事航空材料增材制造研究，联系地址：中国商用飞机有限责任公司上海飞机设计研究院(201210)，E-mail: liangenquan@comac.cc

引用本文:

梁恩泉, 代宇, 白静, 周亚雄, 彭东剑, 王清正, 康楠, 林鑫. 退火态激光选区熔化成形AlSi10Mg合金组织与力学性能[J]. 材料工程, 2022, 50(5): 156-165.
Enquan LIANG, Yu DAI, Jing BAI, Yaxiong ZHOU, Dongjian PENG, Qingzheng WANG, Nan KANG, Xin LIN. Microstructure and mechanical property of annealing heat treated AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by selective laser melting. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2022, 50(5): 156-165.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000444 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2022/V50/I5/156

Table 1 AlSi10Mg粉末化学成分(质量分数/%)

Fig.1 AlSi10Mg合金粉末形貌

Table 2 热处理制度

Fig.2 SLM成形AlSi10Mg试样显微组织
(a)宏观熔池；(b)沉积层形；(c)细晶区；(d)熔池不同区域

Fig.3 SLM成形AlSi10Mg合金宏观元素分布
(a)选区宏观组织；(b)Al；(c)Si；(d)Mg

Fig.4 SLM成形AlSi10Mg微观元素分布
(a)微观组织；(b)Al；(c)Si；(d)Mg

Fig.5 SLM成形AlSi10Mg合金在不同退火温度下的低倍(1)、高倍(2)显微组织图及Si颗粒尺寸分布(3)
(a)200 ℃×120 min；(b)300 ℃×120 min；(c)400 ℃×120 min；(d)500 ℃×120 min

Fig.6 SLM成形AlSi10Mg合金在不同退火时间下的低倍(1)、高倍(2)微观组织图及Si颗粒尺寸分布(3)(T=300 ℃)
(a)5 min；(b)15 min；(c)30 min；(d)60 min；(e)120 min

Fig.7 SLM成形AlSi10Mg合金在不同退火时间下的低倍(1)、高倍(2)微观组织图及Si颗粒尺寸分布(3)(T=500 ℃)
(a)5 min；(b)15 min；(c)30 min；(d)60 min；(e)120 min

Fig.8 退火过程中共晶组织形貌演化示意图

Table 3 激光选区熔化成形AlSi10M合金在不同退火温度下的力学性能

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