U75V重轨钢弯曲疲劳裂纹扩展行为

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2022.000077

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摘要

为明确珠光体钢轨的疲劳裂纹扩展行为，测定U75V重轨钢轧态和热处理态两种条件下的三点弯曲疲劳裂纹扩展速率，采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、EBSD对钢轨的微观组织、片层、断口形貌及裂纹扩展轨迹进行观察。结果表明：轧态和热处理态钢轨的疲劳辉纹平均间距分别为253，215 nm，轧态钢轨的疲劳断口呈现解理台阶与河流花样形貌，且河流花样趋于合并，而热处理态钢轨的疲劳断口呈现大量的解理台阶及较多的微裂纹和撕裂棱，河流花样以支流为主；热处理态钢轨的疲劳裂纹扩展速率远低于轧态，到达裂纹失稳阶段也较滞后；轧态和热处理态钢轨的疲劳裂纹扩展都是以穿晶断裂为主的穿晶断裂和沿晶断裂混合扩展方式进行，轧态和热处理态钢轨的珠光体片层间距分别为272，148 nm，其中热处理态钢轨的珠光体片层细密且方向多样，存在显著的珠光体团簇，裂纹扩展轨迹中出现较多的分支裂纹和裂纹桥接现象，对扩展起到阻碍作用，是热处理态钢轨抗疲劳裂纹扩展能力优于轧态的重要原因。

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	岑耀东
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关键词 ：重轨钢, 疲劳断裂, 裂纹扩展, 显微组织

Abstract：

In order to clarify the fatigue crack propagation behavior of pearlitic rail, the three-point bending fatigue crack propagation rate of U75V heavy rail steel in rolling state and heat treatment state was measured. The microstructure, lamella, fracture morphology and fatigue crack propagation trajectory of rail were observed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and EBSD. The results show that the average distance between fatigue striation of rolled and heat-treated rails is 252.5 nm and 215.4 nm, the fracture surface of rolled rail presents cleavage steps and river patterns, and the river patterns tend to merge.However, the fatigue fracture surface of the heat-treated rail presents a large number of cleavage steps, more microcracks and tear edges, and the river pattern is dominated by tributaries.The fatigue crack growth rate of heat-treated rail is much lower than that of rolled sample, and it is also slow to reach the stage of crack instability.The fatigue crack propagation mode of rolled and heat-treated rail is the mixed propagation mode of transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture dominated by transgranular fracture, the pearlite lamellae spacing of rolled and heat-treated rails is 272.2 nm and 148.4 nm respectively. The pearlite lamellae of heat-treated rails is fine and has various directions, while there are significant pearlite clusters in the heat-treated rail.There are many branch cracks and crack bridges in the crack growth path, which hinders the crack propagation in the heat-treated U75V heavy rail steel, which is an important reason why the fatigue crack propagation rate of the heat-treated rail is lower than that of the rolled rail.

Key words： heavy rail steel fatigue fracture crack propagation microstructure

收稿日期: 2022-01-25 出版日期: 2023-01-16

中图分类号:

TG111

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(51361021);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(ZDZX2018024);内蒙古科技大学创新基金(2019QDL-B06);内蒙古高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY20089)

通讯作者: 陈林 E-mail: chenlin39805@163.com

作者简介: 陈林(1963—)，男，教授，硕士，研究方向为先进金属材料疲劳寿命及安全性评估，联系地址：内蒙古自治区包头市昆都仑区阿尔丁大街7号内蒙古科技大学材冶学院(014010)，E-mail: chenlin39805@163.com

引用本文:

岑耀东, 郭曜珲, 马潇, 陈林, 包喜荣. U75V重轨钢弯曲疲劳裂纹扩展行为[J]. 材料工程, 2023, 51(1): 122-129.
Yaodong CEN, Yaohui GUO, Xiao MA, Lin CHEN, Xirong BAO. Bending fatigue crack propagation behavior of U75V heavy rail steel. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2023, 51(1): 122-129.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2022.000077 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2023/V51/I1/122

Table 1 U75V重轨钢的化学成分(质量分数/%)

Fig.1 三点弯曲试样
(a)取样位置；(b)加载示意图；(c)试样尺寸

Fig.2 U75V重轨钢的疲劳断口(1)和表面轮廓图(2)
(a)轧态；(b)热处理态

Table 2 U75V重轨钢疲劳裂纹扩展数据

Fig.3 U75V重轨钢的疲劳断口形貌
(a)轧态；(b)热处理态

Fig.4 U75V重轨钢的a-N曲线(1)和da/dN-ΔK曲线(2)
(a)轧态；(b)热处理态

Table 3 U75V重轨钢的疲劳裂纹扩展常数C，m值及疲劳裂纹扩展速率

Fig.5 轧态(a)、热处理态(b)U75V重轨钢显微组织及疲劳裂纹
(1)金相显微组织；(2)珠光体结构；(3)珠光体片层；(4)裂纹扩展轨迹

Fig.6 U75V重轨钢轧态(a)和热处理态(b)疲劳裂纹轨迹的EBSD像
(1)SEM图；(2)取向分布图；(3)大小角晶界分布

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