合金元素对镁合金耐腐蚀性能影响的研究进展

doi:10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000289

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摘要

镁及其合金作为最轻的金属结构材料，在产品轻量化方面具有巨大的应用潜力。然而，金属镁具有较强的腐蚀敏感性，且表面形成的氢氧化镁膜疏松多孔，几乎无保护性，这导致其应用受到限制。如何提高镁的耐腐蚀性已经成为制约其应用的世界性难题。合金化是从根本上改善镁合金耐蚀性的方法之一。基于此，本文从合金元素对镁腐蚀行为的影响出发，阐述纯镁的腐蚀机理和合金元素对镁合金腐蚀性能的影响机制，归纳合金元素对镁合金所产生的保护机制及其相应特征，这可以为开发新型镁合金和改善镁合金的耐蚀性提供一定的借鉴。此外，本文有助于更好地理解镁合金腐蚀行为。目前，还没有一种镁合金能像铝合金或不锈钢一样具有较好的耐蚀性，因此耐蚀镁合金的开发还需要进一步研究。本文为镁合金中元素之间的交互关系提供理论基础，可对新型耐蚀镁合金的开发提供思路。元素之间的协同作用会对新型耐蚀镁合金设计、工艺及性能有较大影响，随着研究的深入，期望构建出类似"不锈钢"的新型耐蚀镁合金。

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	阴明
	孙俊丽
	鲍同尧
	刘笑达
	杜华云
	卫英慧
	侯利锋

关键词 ：镁合金, 合金元素, 腐蚀性能, 腐蚀机理

Abstract：

As the lightest metal structural materials, magnesium and its alloys have great potential to achieve lightweight products in the future. However, magnesium has a high corrosion sensitivity, and the magnesium hydroxide film formed on the surface is loose and porous with little protection, which leads to its application being limited. How to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium has become a worldwide problem that restricts its application. Alloying is one of the ways to radically improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. In this paper, the corrosion mechanisms of pure magnesium and the mechanisms of alloying elements on the corrosion performance of magnesium alloys are described in terms of the influence of alloying elements on the corrosion resistance of magnesium and its alloys. In addition, protection mechanisms produced by alloying elements on magnesium alloys were compiled, and the protection mechanisms and corresponding characteristics of beneficial elements on magnesium alloys were summarized. This can provide some reference for the development of new magnesium alloys and the improvement of the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. In addition, this paper contributes to a better understanding of the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys. At present, there is no magnesium alloys can be as good as aluminum alloys or stainless steels corrosion resistance, so the development of corrosion-resistant magnesium alloys needs further research. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the interaction between elements in magnesium alloys, which can provide ideas for the development of new corrosion-resistant magnesium alloys. The synergy between the elements will have a significant impact on the design, process and performance of new corrosion resistant magnesium alloys, and as the research progresses, it is expected that new corrosion-resistant magnesium alloys similar to "stainless steel" will be constructed.

Key words： magnesium alloy alloying element corrosion resistance performance corrosion mechanism

收稿日期: 2021-03-31 出版日期: 2021-12-20

中图分类号:

TB304

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(52071227);山西省平台基地建设项目(2018D121003);中央引导地方科技发展专项资金项目(YDZX20191400002094)

通讯作者: 侯利锋 E-mail: houlifeng@tyut.edu.cn

作者简介: 侯利锋(1978-), 女, 教授, 博士, 主要从事金属材料腐蚀与防护研究, 联系地址: 山西省太原市万柏林区迎泽西大街79号太原理工大学材料学院(030024), E-mail: houlifeng@tyut.edu.cn

引用本文:

阴明, 孙俊丽, 鲍同尧, 刘笑达, 杜华云, 卫英慧, 侯利锋. 合金元素对镁合金耐腐蚀性能影响的研究进展[J]. 材料工程, 2021, 49(12): 28-39.
Ming YIN, Jun-li SUN, Tong-yao BAO, Xiao-da LIU, Hua-yun DU, Ying-hui WEI, Li-feng HOU. Research progress in effect of alloying elements on corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2021, 49(12): 28-39.

链接本文:

http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/10.11868/j.issn.1001-4381.2021.000289 或 http://jme.biam.ac.cn/CN/Y2021/V49/I12/28

Fig.1 Mg-O-H系统的E-pH关系^[34]

Table 1 不同金属的P-B值^[35]

Fig.2 基于Fe在Mg表面再沉积的影响异常析氢的示意图^[48]

Fig.3 元素在Mg中的固溶度

Fig.4 Mg-3Al-xGe(AG3x)合金的显微结构^[56]
(a)AG31；(b)AG33；(c)AG35；(d)AG31H；(e)AG33H；(f)AG35H；

Fig.5 铸态Mg-Sn-In合金的光学显微组织^[19]
(a)Mg-1Sn；(b)Mg-1Sn-0.5In；(c)Mg-1Sn-1In；(d)Mg-1Sn-1.5In；(e)Mg-1Sn-2In；(f)Mg-1Sn-2.5In

Fig.6 由经验数据得出的等值线图，表明0.1 mol/L氯化钠中的腐蚀电流密度在铁和锰含量的一定范围内的变化，其中x轴上的铁含量代表 0~500 mg/dm³^[67]

Fig.7 Mg-In合金腐蚀过程中的横截面示意图^[5]
(a)In在Mg表面上的吸附和置换反应；(b)浸泡25天后形成的腐蚀层；(c)浸泡200天后形成的腐蚀层

Fig.8 Mg-33%Li合金表面膜的现象解释与施加电势的关系示意图^[82]

Table 2 有益合金元素对镁及其合金的相关保护机制和特征^{[1, 5, 19, 55-86]}

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