Wearable materials and devices are developing toward flexibility， lightness， imperceptibility， intelligence， and long-term wearability to meet the personalized needs such as physiological and psychological demands of human body. This trend brought innovation to the field of sports and health monitoring， receiving extensive attention from the academic and industrial communities. However， while meeting the individualized development needs of the human body， wearable flexible materials and devices also face challenges in terms of mechanical robustness， signal stability， soft-hard interface connection， and biocompatibility. Therefore， this review aims to discuss the materials， structures， and fabrication processes for constructing wearable flexible materials and devices from the perspective of practical sports and health monitoring needs，and proposes the major challenging factors and their solutions in terms of mechanical， electrical， and biological performance. Finally， this paper predicts the future development directions of wearable flexible electronic materials and devices， including fully flexible integration， enhanced mechanical robustness， high-precision signal decoupling and recognition， stability，and sensitivity of monitoring， rapid responsiveness， ultra-thin imperceptible design， multimodal signal processing， as well as intelligent adaptive feedback.

Flexible pressure sensors can be attached to the human skin to sense external pressure signals， and have the characteristics of wide sensing range， short response time， high sensitivity， and durability. Therefore， they are widely used in the fields of electronic skin and human-computer interaction. Flexible pressure sensors are usually composed of flexible substrates， active materials and conductive electrodes. Among them， one or more of the active materials form a sensing material by compounding with a flexible substrate， and its deformation under external excitation will cause changes in parameters such as resistance， thereby achieving sensing function.In addition， by introducing microstructure， the compressibility and sensitivity to small pressure of the sensing material can be increased， and its sensing performance can be improved. In this paper， the research progress in flexible pressure sensors doped with carbon-based， metal-based， and black phosphorus-based active materials on film and fabric substrates was reviewed. The preparation methods， electromechanical properties and application scenarios of different sensors were discussed， and the advantages and disadvantages of various sensors were summarized. On this basis， the research on how to achieve wide-range pressure detection， commercialization， non-toxicity of the production process and long-term biocompatibility experiments of smart wearable flexible pressure sensors in the future is prospected.

Continuous silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide （SiC_f/SiC） ceramic matrix composites are considered as the most promising advanced materials in the fields of hot end components of aviation turbine engines and thermal protection structures of novel aerospace aircraft due to their excellent comprehensive properties， such as light weight， high strength and toughness， high temperature resistance， and oxidation resistance. In this paper， the preparation technology of the four elementary components of SiC_f/SiC composites， such as SiC fiber， interphase， SiC matrix，and environmental barrier coating （EBC）， has been systematically reviewed， and the bottleneck problems of SiC_f/SiC composites in the future development have been proposed. The current third-generation SiC fibers possess a near stoichiometric C/Si ratio and have excellent high temperature stability and mechanical properties. The structure and oxidation resistance of interphase plays a decisive role in the mechanical properties of SiC_f/SiC composites in harsh service environments. The research frontiers are to develop novel interphases that matches SiC fiber and has excellent oxidation resistance，achieving continuous and uniform preparations of such interphases. PIP， CVI and RMI techniques are commonly employed to prepare SiC_f/SiC composites， but a single technique no longer meets the performance requirements of the composite. Hence， a hybrid technique such as the hybrid CVI-PIP technique has been employed to manufacture SiC_f/SiC composites， through which processing parameters， microstructures， and mechanical properties have been widely investigated. Environmental barrier coatings are used as a barrier to prevent SiC_f/SiC composites from corrosion and degradation by external corrosive environments. Based on the third generation Si/Yb₂Si₂O₇ EBC system， highly reliable and long life-span environmental barrier coatings can be prepared by supplementing Si sources and self-healing cracks， thereby greatly improving the service life of SiC_f/SiC composites components. To achieve a wider application of SiC_f/SiC composites， further research work should be carried out in areas such as the structural design of composite components， low-cost manufacturing， development of new anti-oxidation interphases， development of novel EBCs with anti-peeling off and anti-cracking natures， failure analysis and life prediction of composite.

Single crystal superalloy turbine rotor blade is one of the core hot-end components of the aero-engine， which has a decisive role in the thrust and performance of the aero-engine. Additive manufacturing for repair technology is one of the most challenging tasks in the special machining of aviation equipment. In this paper， the repair processes and their application for single crystal superalloy turbine rotor blades were systematically reviewed. Aiming at the problems of hot cracking defect， the cracking formation mechanism， key influencing factors， and control methods were summarized. In addition， the research progress in microstructure and mechanical properties of single crystal superalloys repaired by additive manufacturing technology are summed up. Furthermore， the prospective developing direction of single crystal superalloy turbine rotor blade repair is indicated. Specific filler material composition design， new process development， and multi-objective collaborative optimization based on deep learning are considered to be important future research directions.

Chitosan hydrogel with excellent degradability and biocompatibility has become an important material for constructing flexible strain sensors. Flexible strain sensors based on chitosan conductive hydrogels have superb environmental adaptability and are widely used in biomedical fields such as health monitoring and implantable devices. The preparation method and conductive mechanism of chitosan-based conductive hydrogels were reviewed. The current status of chitosan-based conductive hydrogels in low temperature resistant， self-repairing， and self-adhesive functional flexible strain sensors was summarized. Finally， it is pointed out that the optimization of the preparation process， the application of new materials， and the use of artificial intelligence are the key research directions for the future of chitosan-based conductive hydrogels for flexible strain sensors， aiming to provide theoretical foundations and practical guidance for the further development of multifunctional applications of flexible strain sensors.

The solar-driven interfacial evaporation （SDIE） can efficiently convert liquid water into steam using solar energy， providing a foundation for the development of eco-friendly and cost-effective freshwater production technologies. The photothermal material is the key platform for energy conversion， and the generated heat can be directly used for evaporation. In recent years， significant efforts have been made to enhance the efficiency of solar-driven water evaporation. Numerous innovative solar-thermal materials have been employed to achieve controlled and efficient solar-thermal conversion to meet energy-water challenges ranging from the microscale to the molecular level. On this basis， the latest research progress in carbon-based photothermal materials for SDIE technology is reviewed， focusing on the design， synthesis， and application of graphene， carbon nanotubes， natural plant-based carbon materials， carbon-based composite materials， and other photothermal materials that are currently widely used in the field of SDIE. Research findings related to the evaporation water collection rate were summarized. This aims to provide a reference for designing low-cost， efficient light absorption， chemical stability， and reusable and broad-spectrum absorption SDIE devices for off-grid desalination. Finally， the future development prospects of carbon-based materials for SDIE combined with artificial intelligence， power generation， sterilization， and all-weather operation are envisioned， to achieve eco-friendly， efficient， and multi-purpose water treatment and purification technologies.

With the development of fields such as aviation， aerospace， and navigation， the service conditions for high-end equipment have become increasingly stringent， placing higher demands on the manufacturing industry. Additive manufacturing technology， also known as 3D printing technology， has significant advantages over traditional manufacturing techniques in producing complex shapes and structures， and it is expected to achieve specific location printing and structural printing with unique properties in three-dimensional space. Wire-based laser directed energy deposition （W-LDED） technology， as an important branch of additive manufacturing， has notable advantages such as high efficiency， high precision， and high material utilization， making it promising for applications in the manufacturing of high-end equipment. Despite the many advantages of W-LDED technology， there are still numerous challenges regarding the selection of process parameters， multiple thermal cycles， and the precise control and repeatability of the manufacturing process. The deposition quality and manufacturing stability are influenced by various factors， and addressing these current challenges is a key focus of research both domestically and internationally. Based on this， this paper provides a detailed introduction to the current research status of W-LDED technology from three aspects： process parameter optimization， deposition quality analysis， and microstructural composition control. It analyzes the impact of different parameters on forming quality and manufacturing stability， proposes optimization strategies， summarizes the current application scenarios of W-LDED technology， and presents ideas for the future development trends of this technology，including material innovation and the development of multifuctional composites，research on forming mechanisms，establishing predictive models for process-defect-microstructure property relationships， new hybrid additive/subtractive manufacturing methods，and the development of large-scale，high-precision，and multifuctional equipment.

Carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites （CFRP） have emerged as materials of significant research interest， owing to their relevance in achieving national objectives related to carbon peak and carbon neutrality due to their lightweight and high-strength characteristics. Improving the interfacial bonding strength of composites is a key and challenging issue. This paper addressed the challenges associated with the poor surface wettability and low mechanical property conversion rate of carbon fibers by outlining theories of interface reinforcement in CFRP and methods for surface treatment of carbon fibers， emphasizing oxidation methods， chemical grafting， and coating processes to improve the mechanical properties of composites through physical or chemical means. Furthermore， this article delved into the compatibility between carbon fiber and resin matrix from the respective performance characteristics of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins， and proposed different solutions. Finally， this paper reviewed the research progress of CFRP in the fields of aviation， wind turbine blades， and new energy vehicles， and proposed development suggestions for material research under the background of aircraft lightweighting， wind turbine scaling， and popularization of electric vehicles， such as optimizing specific surface modification technologies for carbon fiber with different surface morphologies such as high strength or high modulus， developing modification methods for different resins， developing carbon fiber sizing agents for different categories and application scenarios， strengthening the research on composite materials interface enhancement theory and interface characterization technology， and formulating a standardization system for carbon fiber composite materials.

Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites have been widely used in aerospace， defense industry， emerging civilian，and other fields due to their excellent properties such as low density， high strength and high temperature resistance. However， most of the preparation processes of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites have problems such as high cost and long cycles， which limit the application and promotion of ceramic matrix composites. The development of a low-cost preparation process is the key to promoting the wide application of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites. In this paper， the preparation process of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites is briefly introduced， and the research status of low-cost processes such as reactive melt infiltration， nano infiltration and transient eutectoid， and slurry infiltration and hot pressing is summarized. The optimization of preparation process， microstructure and properties of composites is reviewed， and the future research direction of the low-cost preparation process is proposed， such as the preparation of ultra-high temperature ceramic interface by molten salt method and the preparation of porous matrix with uniform pore structure by reaction-induced phase separation， which can significantly improve the comprehensive properties of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites.

Triboelectrification （TE） is a physical phenomenon that exists on the surface of almost all materials， and the TE of semiconductor materials is different from the electrification of dielectric materials.At the dynamic interface between one semiconductor and another semiconductor or a metal， mechanical friction causes the continuous breaking and rebuilding of chemical bonding between atoms at the interfaces， which could release a quantized energy that is the binding energy of two atoms （or called as bindington） to excite non-equilibrium electron-hole pairs.These electrons and holes can be separated by the built-in electric field formed at the p-n junctions （or Schottky junction， semiconductor heterojunction）， so as to output direct-current （DC） electricity in the external circuits. This phenomenon is defined as the tribovoltaic effect. It is similar to the photovoltaic effect， but the difference is the exciting energy sources. In the tribovoltaic effect， electron-hole pairs are excited by the energy released by the instantaneous transition of atoms at the interface or the energy released when new bonds are formed at the interface； while the photovoltaic effect is excited by photo energy.This article reviews the research progress of DC nanogenerators based on the tribovoltaic effect， including mechanism research， material and device design， surface modification enhancement strategies， etc. We also discuss the possible applications of tribovoltaic devices as flexible DC power sources for wearable electronics， with emphases on their device design， performance optimization，and potential application scenarios.

Wood composites have been widely applied in fields of construction， decoration， furniture， and transport. The fire safety has always been concerned. In a view of the combustion characteristics of wood composites， in the past 10 years， the two strategies for safeguarding on wood composites were reviewed as active fire protection （fire warning） and passive fire protection （flame retardancy）. As noted， wooden composites have no the “smart”characteristic. The fire warning function of composites is achieved by introducing temperature-responsive functional materials on its surface， such as thermally responsive semiconductor materials， thermochromic materials， shape-memory materials， etc.， and converting the temperature signal into a receivable signal （electrical signal， color， shape deformation， etc.） to transmit to the outside world， achieving timely warning of fires. The key to flame retardant treatment of wood composites lies in limiting the heat conduction and material transfer within the solid phase and between the gas-solid phase during the combustion process. In addition， the research progress in the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of metal systems （magnesium/aluminum oxides， magnesium/aluminum layered double hydroxides）， boron systems， phosphorus nitrogen systems， biobased flame retardant systems， etc. in plywood， particleboard， and fiberboard was further summarized. As well as its relevant construction and synergistic flame retardant mechanism of the flame retardant compound system were further clarified. Moreover， the curing process of adhesives and mechanical properties of wood composites influenced by flame retardant compound systems were also discussed. Finally， it is pointed out that adopting early warning and mid to later-stage flame retardant methods can significantly improve the flame retardant and fire resistance of wood composites.

Flexible pressure and strain sensors have attracted increasing attention with the rapid development of medical and electronic interconnection.Ionic conductive hydrogels demonstrate more potential for flexible electronics sensors because of their excellent physicochemical properties such as biomimetic structures， suitable mechanical properties， and excellent biocompatibility. The classification， preparation methods， characteristics of ionic conductive hydrogels，and their applications in flexible pressure and strain sensors were reviewed. First， the sensing modes of ionic conductive hydrogels in pressure and strain sensors were introduced. Then， according to the different conductive principles， they were divided into three categories：metal ion hydrogels， ionic liquid hydrogels， and polyelectrolyte hydrogels. Their applications and research progress in pressure and strain sensors were systematically introduced from synthesis methods， performance characteristics，and improvement methods.Their potential application prospects and development trends were analyzed. The current challenges were summarized and prospects were made. It was believed that ionic conductive hydrogels still have great exploration space and application potential in intelligent flexible sensing.

The applications of wearable sensors in sports， medicine， rehabilitation， and other fields， have greatly facilitated the capture and monitoring of human movement index signals effectively avoiding sports injuries， reducing the frequency of medical treatment， and even saving many lives. With the application and popularization of wearable sensors， suitable flexible energy supply systems are the key to its development. In recent years， researchers have studied and designed a variety of flexible energy supply systems based on different energy release methods， among which flexible Zn-ion batteries stand out due to their high energy density， high elastic modulus， high cycle stability， and high safety. We reviewed the research progress in flexible Zn-ion batteries for wearable sensors， mainly introducing and summarizing the batteries components （such as current collector， electrode （cathode and anode）， separator， electrolyte， and packaging） and the application of wearable sensors. Finally， the current problems and challenges of flexible Zn-ion batteries are discussed.

At present， most smart wearable devices are smart watches， wristbands， etc.， which have the problems of high rigidity， poor comfort and frequent charging， making it difficult to meet the requirements of ergonomics and clothing comfort. They cannot be worn for a long time to achieve all-weather monitoring. Textile triboelectric nanogenerator （T-TENG） can be integrated into shoes and clothing as flexible power sources and self-powered sensors， making it an ideal wearable device for active human health monitoring and enforcement. However， most of the reported T-TENG need to be packaged and then integrated into clothing before use， resulting in a reduced air permeability of clothing. In addition， most of the current studies are in the laboratory stage， and the properties of T-TENG such as durability， sensitivity and stability in actual use are not fully considered. In this paper， the basic working mode， material selection， manufacturing method， integrated footwear and clothing mode， and application scenarios of T-TENG were reviewed. The preparation methods of T-TENG for nanofiber membrane and textile composite materials， fiber/yarn-based T-TENG， and fabric-based T-TENG were mainly discussed. New strategies for the development and integration of comfortable T-TENG in the future were proposed， including the large-scale preparation of T-TENG， the integration of T-TENG and traditional clothing， the compatibility of T-TENG monitoring accuracy and comfort， and the durability and stability of T-TENG.

Infrared radiation at the hot-section of the aero engine is easily detected by infrared detectors， which is not conducive to aircraft service in a complex monitoring environment. How to reduce the infrared radiation characteristics of high-temperature parts of aero engine and improve the high-temperature infrared stealth performance of the aero engine is a difficult problem that needs to be solved. This paper discusses the infrared stealth mechanisms and research status of metal-based， inorganic non-metallic， and structural infrared stealth materials with potential applications in high-temperature environments. It also highlights the future development trends for high-temperature infrared stealth materials， including the need for further investigation into the failure mechanisms of these materials， the integration of temperature control methods to meet higher-temperature stealth requirements， and the necessity to develop comprehensive stealth performance to ensure the capability of aircraft to remain stealthy in complex environments.

Wearable devices have good portability and imperceptibility， realizing expected functions after being worn. Drug delivery refers to delivering drugs into the body with suitable carriers or techniques to generate therapeutic effects to improve the stability and bioavailability of drugs.The application of wearable devices in drug delivery can rationally release drugs when receiving disease signals or user orders and monitor in-vivo drug concentrations， reducing the dependency of doctors or hospitals， and achieving optimal disease treatment timing and outcomes. Wearable drug delivery systems can be worn directly on the body surface and are non-invasive and self-administered. Microneedle-skin patches， wound healing patches， and smart contact lenses are popular wearable devices explored in drug delivery. This review is a summary of the application of wearable devices in disease treatment， such as diabetes， wound healing， eye diseases， cancer， and other diseases， and drug delivery in recent five years， summarizing the challenges for the development of wearable drug delivery systems， and prospecting its development direction.

Electronic skin is a novel type of flexible and wearable sensor that mimics human skin perception， exhibiting characteristics such as lightweight， softness， and flexibility. It has the capability to convert external stimuli into diverse output signals， showing substantial potential in health monitoring and human-computer interaction. This article provides a comprehensive review from the perspective of intelligent materials for constructing electronic skin， focusing on commonly used substrates， conductive fillers， and their geometric structures. It discusses the requirements for biocompatibility， adhesion， self-healing， and self-powering performance of electronic skin based on the complex environmental conditions it faces in applications. It points out that in the research process， there are still issues such as poor comprehensive perception of human skin， complex and expensive fabrication processes， and delayed response to sensory signals. By optimizing materials and structures to enhance the basic performance of electronic skin， the development trend is to build outstanding performance， multifunctionality， and simultaneous detection of various external stimuli. Electronic skin shows great potential in medical diagnosis， soft robotics， smart prosthetics， and human-machine interaction.

Fe-based amorphous alloy coatings have emerged as a key area of research in the field of surface engineering due to its high strength， hardness， and exceptional wear and corrosion resistance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the preparation， performance， and application status of Fe-based amorphous alloy coatings. It also summarizes the fundamental principles of amorphous alloy material design and typical Fe-based amorphous alloy coatings material systems. The focus is on three coating preparation technologies： thermal spraying， cold spraying， and laser cladding. Additionally， it compiles the research progress made in understanding the tribological properties and corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous alloy coatings. Furthermore， it briefly outlines the applications of these coatings in military， medical， industrial fields etc. Finally， it is pointed out that in-depth study of amorphous formation， the establishment of specialized material systems while matching the working environment， and the adoption of post-processing or more efficient preparation methods are the development trends for future research work in this field.

The excellent comprehensive high-temperature performance of Ti₂AlNb alloy makes it a potential substitute for some nickel-based alloys， serving as a key structural material for weight reduction in aviation engines. In response to the lightweight design requirements of future high-performance aviation engines， a combination of statistical comparison， control experiments， finite element simulation analysis， and other methods are used to analyse the material properties， alloy cold/hot processing performance， weight reduction benefits， etc. The advantages， potential， and remaining issues of the alloy’s application in aviation engines are discussed. The analysis results indicate the feasibility of using Ti₂AlNb alloy in aviation engines， with significant advantages in weight reduction： the alloy achieves a good balance of strength， toughness， and plasticity without obvious shortcomings； it has acceptable cold and hot processing performance， and can obtain engineering-sized parts through deformation， casting， and other methods； its combustion resistance is superior to traditional titanium alloys； when applied to static components such as casings， it can achieve a weight reduction of 35.3% compared to high-temperature alloys， and when applied to integral blade/disks and rotor components， it can achieve a weight reduction of 37.3% compared to nickel-based high-temperature alloys.

As a common additive manufacturing （AM） technology， selective laser melting （SLM） is a great potential manufacturing technology for special-shaped parts，such as porous and thin-walled parts. However， the traditional single beam SLM technology develops slowly due to the problems of lesser forming size and inferior efficiency. On the basis of single-beam SLM， multi-beam selective laser melting （MB-SLM） uses multiple beams and multiple galvanometers to partition scan and perform overlap forming. It greatly improves the forming size and efficiency， perfectly solves the inherent problems of single-beam SLM，and is expected to become an emerging technology to expand the application of metal additive manufacturing. The research progress of multi-beam selective laser melting in forming principle， forming equipment， and formation and control of defects is reviewed. The microstructures and mechanical properties of different alloys manufactured by multi-beam selective laser melting are summarized. Importantly， the main strategies to control defects and mechanical properties are highlighted. Finally， the development trends are forecasted， such as the impact of temporal and spatial difference characteristics between multi-beam on mechanical properties， and the consistency change of process parameters between different regions to reduce defects of formed parts.

With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the proposal of the national carbon peak strategy， the use of renewable bio-based resources for the preparation of flame retardant polymer materials has received widespread attention. Cardanol is an abundant and cost-effective biomass with multiple highly reactive functional groups， which is expected to be used for the preparation of commercial flame retardant polymeric materials. The preparations of cardanol-based flame retardant additives for modifying polyvinyl chloride， unsaturated polyester thermosets， and epoxy thermosets were summarized. Their performances were comparatively analyzed. The recent research progress in flame retardant cardanol-based epoxy thermosets， flame retardant cardanol-based benzoxazines， flame retardant cardanol-based ultraviolet-curable coatings， flame retardant cardanol-based polyurethane foams， and flame retardant cardanol-based phenolic foams were summarized. It is pointed out that the preparation of multifunctional flame retardant cardanol-based polymer materials with excellent comprehensive performance is the key direction of future research.

Pure Mg has advantages of low density， good shock absorption performance and good biocompatibility， but its strength is low. Alloying is an important method to modify microstructure and properties of pure Mg. Sn has characteristics of low melting point， high eutectic temperature with Mg， high solid solubility in Mg， stable chemical properties and large output， which is appropriate to be an alloying element. The effects of alloying element Sn on microstructures and properties of Mg alloys were reviewed in this paper. Sn enriches at the front of the solid-liquid interface， dissolves in Mg matrix， reduces the ratio of critical resolved shear stress value of the pyramidal plane to that of the basal plane， and elevates the electric potential of Mg matrix. Mg₂Sn precipitates can hinder dislocation and grain boundary movement， and form galvanic corrosion cells with Mg matrix. Therefore， effects of Sn addition include grain refinement， age hardening and strengthening， improving plasticity， accelerating or reducing corrosion rate， enhancing discharge efficiency and discharge potential. At present， the main problems restricting the development of Mg-Sn alloys are slow aging， low hardness and strength. In the future， endeavors should be made to develop rapidly age-hardenable Mg-Sn alloys with high strengths， wrought Sn-containing Mg alloys with good ductility， and Sn-containing structural-functional Mg alloys.

Zirconia toughened alumina （ZTA） ceramics exhibit excellent mechanical properties compared to single-phase Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ ceramics， demonstrating broader application prospects in high-end industrial fields such as electronics， biomedicine， and semiconductors. This paper reviews the toughening mechanism of ZTA ceramics and summarizes recent research progress， both domestic and international， on three aspects： powder preparation， sintering methods， and the introduction of the third phase. It focuses on analyzing the role of third-phase incorporation in ZTA ceramics through the use of various sintering techniques and processing methods. Finally， it points out that the nano-structuring of powders， fine control of advanced sintering techniques， and exploration of the microstructure through third-phase modulation are key directions for future research.

As the turbine inlet temperature in aero-engines continues to rise， conventional thermal barrier coatings （TBCs） are becoming increasingly ineffective at blocking thermal radiation in the near-infrared wavelength range generated by high-temperature gases. The heat transfer of heat radiation can penetrate through the coating and directly heat the underlying metal substrate， thereby compromising the service life of hot-end components. In this paper， the authors’ experimental results are used to review recent developments in the design of novel TBCs materials and structures that combine thermal insulation with enhanced radiation suppression capabilities. A comparative analysis of the near-infrared optical properties of conventional TBCs is presented. The current methods aimed at improving the ability of coatings to mitigate radiative heat transfer are discussed. Particular attention is given to the issue of conventional YSZ-based inability of TBCs to effectively block infrared radiation in the shortwave infrared region. An analysis is conducted on the two fundamental approaches for reducing the infrared transmittance of TBCs， namely， improving the infrared reflectance or infrared absorptance of coatings. Additionally， a systematic summary of the strategies for tuning the infrared reflectance and absorptance of coatings， including influencing factors， underlying mechanisms， advantages， and limitations， is provided. Finally， future trends and breakthrough directions in the development of novel radiation-suppressing coatings， particularly in terms of material and structural design as well as the use of high-performance computational tools， are highlighted.

Lightweight is the eternal theme in the aerospace field. TiAl alloy has a density of 3.9-4.2 g/cm³， which is 1/2 of nickel based superalloy. It has excellent properties of light mass and heat resistance and has important application value in the manufacture of hot-end components of aerospace equipment. However， TiAl alloy has inherent brittleness， low plasticity at room temperature and poor thermal deformation ability， which makes it difficult to process and form， high cost， and limits its large-scale application. Based on the review of the development and application status of TiAl alloy， the research progress of hot forming technology such as casting， powder metallurgy， thermoplastic forming， and additive manufacturing is reviewed. The thermoplastic forming technology， including canned-extrusion， isothermal forging， near-isothermal forging， and canned-rolling， is emphasized. The main problems of the existing plastic forming technology are poor plasticity， high forming difficulty， low forming efficiency， and insufficient performance. In the future， the development direction of plastic forming of TiAl alloy should be high efficiency and low cost near net forming， while improving the utilization rate and mechanical properties of the material.

This paper proposes a non-isothermal solid solution-forging integrated hot forming process for 7075 aluminum alloy. After solid solution treatment， the aluminum alloy is directly placed into the mold for forging， then quenched and subjected to artificial aging treatment. The influence of water entry temperature and aging parameters on the microstructure and properties of 7075 aluminum alloy is studied under this process， through the construction of a temperature-time-property（TTP） curve. Additionally， machine learning techniques are integrated to optimize and match the key process parameters. The results reveal that the nose temperature of the TTP curve is 315 ℃， and the mechanical properties of the alloy increase with the increase of water temperature after aging， a double-peak phenomenon after non-isothermal forging and aging is observed. When the inlet temperature is 380 ℃， the optimal aging parameters are 115 ℃-26 h and the peak hardness is 182HV. After training， the prediction accuracy of the BP neural network model is 94.9977%. Experimental verification of the optimal process parameters predicted by the model shows that its prediction similarity is 96.9%. Compared with traditional forging processes， this process can achieve high mechanical properties than traditional forged T6-state 7075 aluminum alloy while reducing procedural steps and energy consumption.

Continuous fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites are widely used in aerospace， automotive and marine industries due to their low density and excellent mechanical properties. However， traditional manufacturing processes are expensive and unable to form complex parts due to mold limitations. Additive manufacturing has the advantages of high freedom of design， rapidity， and flexibility，and is considered an important directions for the future production of continuous fiber reinforced composites. At present， the additive manufacturing technology of continuous fiber reinforced composite is still in its infancy. This paper systematically reviews the research status of continuous fiber reinforced resin matrix composite， summarizes the research progress of printing equipment， process and materials， and provides directions for the construction of printing platform and engineering application of continuous fiber reinforced resin matrix composite. The influence of printing process parameters， such as temperature， speed， and layer thickness on printing quality is analyzed， providing a reference for the intelligent additive manufacturing of continuous fiber reinforced composite materials. Meanwhile， the development of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional structural design for continuous fibers for lightweight manufacturing， such as fiber path laying and structural topology optimization is discussed. The research trends of equipment， materials， printing process， and structural design for additive manufacturing of continuous fiber-reinforced composites are summarized and outlooked.

The nickel-rich layered cathode materials LiNi _xM _{1- x} O₂ （x>0.8，M=Co，Mn，Al，etc.） have become the most promising cathode materials for hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicle （EV） high energy density lithium-ion batteries in recent years due to its high specific capacity， high operating voltage， and low cost. The further development of electric vehicle technology requires the commercial application of lithium-ion batteries with a high energy density of approximately 350 Wh·kg^-1 and a range of 500 km. However， the rapid capacity decay and structural instability of nickel-rich layered cathode materials hinder their market application. In this paper， the fundamental issue of performance degradation in nickel-rich layered cathode materials was summarized， and the latest progress and perspectives in improving the cycling stability of nickel-rich layered cathode materials through element doping， element ratio，surface reconstruction， particle arrangement，interparticle filling，particle size， single crystal transformation，and other aspects were summarized. It is pointed out that efforts could be made to construct high structural strength nickel-rich cathode materials through the coordination of elements and structures to fundamentally solve the structural and thermal stability problems under deep delithiated state， providing modified new processes and methods for nickel-rich layered cathode materials.

Fiber reinforced polymer composites are widely used in aerospace， automotive， shipbuilding， rail transportation， and other fields. With the development of lightweight high-speed aerospace and precision instrument automation， vibration problems are increasingly prominent， and it is necessary to develop new structural-damping composites with high mechanical properties and high vibration damping performance. Based on the research of fiber reinforced polymer damping composites in the past decade， the damping mechanism of the material was described， and the influence of polymer matrix， reinforced fiber， interface and other factors on the damping performance of fiber reinforced polymer composites was summarized， providing a reference for further developing fiber reinforced polymer composites with the required damping performance. Finally， the existing problems and development directions of fiber reinforced polymer damping composites are discussed， such as the development of new materials， new methods，new mechanisms， the co-optimization of damping properties of composite materials and mechanical/technological properties， and the corresponding relationship between the damping properties of components， materials and structures.

High-entropy metallic glasses， combining structural disorder of traditional amorphous alloys with the chemical disorder of high-entropy alloys， exhibit excellent thermal stability， magnetic properties， corrosion resistance， and biocompatibility， positioning them as a focal point of recent research. The concept and origin of high-entropy metallic glasses are firstly introduced， followed by a summary of their composition system， preparation methods， and various properties. The reasons for the formation of amorphous structure in high-entropy metallic glasses are analysed from the perspectives of material system and preparation methods. The mechanisms having the good mechanical properties， thermal stability， and corrosion resistance of high-entropy metallic glasses are also explained. Finally， high-throughput material design using material calculations is looked forward to， with an emphasis on the exploration of composite properties， coatings， and other new preparation methods. It is also pointed out that solving fundamental theoretical problems is an important prerequisite for promoting the development of these materials.

C/C-SiC composites were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration （CVI） and reactive melt infiltration （RMI） using carbon fiber preforms with stitched and needle-punched structures. The microstructure and pore characteristics of C/C porous composites obtained from the two structural preforms， as well as the microstructure and flexural properties of C/C-SiC composites， were systematically studied. Results show that the pore size of stitched C/C porous composite is multimodal distribution， and the pores are mostly inter-bundle pores. The pore size of needle-punched C/C porous composite is unimodal distribution. Due to the addition of mesh， some inter-bundle pores are transformed into connected small pore networks. The simulated absolute permeability in the Z direction of the latter is slightly greater than that of the former， which is conducive to the subsequent RMI densification process of the latter （high density， low open-porosity and low residual metal）. The average flexural strength of stitched C/C-SiC composites is higher than that of needle-punched C/C-SiC composites， both of which exhibit a “pseudo plastic” fracture mode. The needle-punched C/C-SiC composite has a higher density and lower residual Si content， but its fiber volume content is lower， and the integrity of long straight fibers is poor， resulting in lower load-bearing property of the composite.

Piezoelectric materials， as important functional materials， have been widely used in various fields of the national economy for the preparation of structural health detection devices. With the development of modern industrial technology， especially aerospace， nuclear energy， and intelligent manufacturing， various high-temperature conditions have put forward higher requirements for the performance of piezoelectric materials. Therefore， the development of high-temperature piezoelectric materials with excellent comprehensive performance and their application in sensor devices with higher service temperatures have received widespread attention from researchers. Fresnoite （Ba₂TiSi₂O₈， BTS） crystal is a kind of promising piezoelectric material for high-temperature sensing applications due to its high electrical resistivity， low dielectric loss， and excellent piezoelectric properties. The preparation process of BTS crystal by Czochralski method， characterization of single crystal electro-elastic properties， phase transition regulation， and the research progress of surface acoustic wave sensors and high-temperature vibration sensors based on BTS piezoelectric crystal were introduced in this paper. Finally， the research and development of new high-temperature piezoelectric crystals and their sensors were summarized and presented.

GH4065A is a newly developed high-performance cast-wrought Ni-base superalloy with ultra-low C and N content used for advanced turbine engine disc. In this study， the alloy’s inclusions of the alloy are characterized and statistically analyzed. To investigate the fatigue fracture mechanism， strain-controlled fatigue tests are conducted at 400 ℃ and 650 ℃ on the fine-grained and coarse-grained samples respectively. The results show that the alloy’s inclusions of the alloy are mainly nitrides. For the fine-grained samples， discrete nitride particles and clustered nitrides both with a critical size larger than the average grain size are responsible for the fatigue crack initiation. When subjected to high-level strains （≥0.9%）， fatigue failure primarily originates from surface nitrides， with rare occurrences of boride and oxide initiation. Surface crack induced by Al₂O₃， rather than boride or MgSiO₃， is found to significantly reduce the fatigue life. Higher fatigue temperature results in reduced life cycles. When under lower levels of strain， however， subsurface/internal nitride-facet initiations dominate and fatigue life is prolonged by the elevated temperature. In the coarse-grained samples， fatigue failures at 400 ℃ are found to be initiated by quasi-cleavage cracking mechanism. Due to the increased grain size， the inclusion-induced crack initiation is suppressed while slip-induced cleavage cracking mechanism becomes predominant.

The effects of the solid solution on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6451 Al alloy sheets were investigated by using conductivity and tensile tests， combined with OM and SEM observations. The results show that when the solid solution temperature is 560 ℃， recrystallization occurs in the sheet at 3 s of solution treatment. When the solution time is extended to 5 s， the Mg₂Si particles are slowly dissolved. When the time is extended to 7 s， the equiaxial grains are formed after the complete recrystallization， a large amount of Mg₂Si particles are dissolved， and the strength of the sheet is rapidly increased. With the further extension of the solution time， the growth rate of the strength of the T4P-stated sheet slows down obviously， and the increment of the yield strength after baking is basically unchanged. After the solution time of 30 s， there is no obvious change in the grain size. When the solution time is increased to 60 s， the Mg₂Si particle is completely dissolved， and the yield and tensile strengths of the T4P-stated sheet are improved to 125 MPa and 247 MPa， respectively， with a better elongation of 30%. The functional relationship model between the yield strength and solid solution variation of the T4P-stated sheet based on classical diffusion theory is established according to the research results.

The oxidation behavior of SiC_f/SiC composites， fabricated through the melt infiltration process， is meticulously investigated in a water vapor corrosion environment. The findings reveal that after exposure to water vapor corrosion at 800 ℃ and 1200 ℃ for 400 h， the flexural strength retention of uncoated samples is 78.8% and 74.9% respectively， whereas coated samples maintain flexural strengths of 95.9% and 93.0% respectively. The application of environmental barrier coatings effectively shield the material from direct contact with the corrosive water vapor medium， thereby mitigating the substantial decline in mechanical properties of the SiC_f/SiC composites. Notably， the oxidation of the BN interfacial layer emerge as the primary factor contributing to the deterioration of the mechanical properties. Specifically， uncoated samples exhibit partial disappearance of the interfacial layer and the formation of holes between the fibers and the matrix after 400 h of corrosion at 1200 ℃， thereby compromising the protective role of the interface. Simultaneously， parts of the interface layer continue to bond the fiber and the matrix. The interplay between the oxidation of the BN interfacial layer and the SiC matrix is identified as the main cause for the decline in the mechanical properties of the SiCf/SiC composites.

Laser powder bed fusion （LPBF） technology offers significant advantages， including high flexibility， no mold requirements， and rapid manufacturing capabilities， so it is well-suited for repairing complex and precision components such as aero-engine blades. It is difficult to efficiently and accurately reveal the evolution rules of defects and microstructures in the multi-scale and multi-physical field coupling LPBF process through experimental methods only. The finite volume method and a cellular automaton model were used to simulate the morphological evolution of the powder bed melt pool and the corresponding microstructure formation process. Combined with experimental observations， the evolution rules of metallurgical defects in the alloy and grain growth under different printing parameters are revealed. The results indicate that during the LPBF repair process， energy density significantly affects the morphology of the melt pool. When the energy density is less than 87.9 J/mm³， the powder particles are not completely melted， accompanied by the formation of defects such as pores and unmelted areas. When the energy density is greater than 137.4 J/mm³， the surface smoothness of the solidified melt pool is significantly reduced. The increase in energy density enhances the horizontal thermal flow disturbance in the melt pool， and the crystals are affected by shear forces， leading to a greater orientation difference with the substrate. Additionally， the laser power significantly affects the microstructure of the alloy. As the laser power increases， the temperature gradient gradually decreases. The low temperature gradient promotes the formation of the supercooled liquid region， which in turn facilitates the formation of new crystal nuclei. When the laser power increases from 150 W to 250 W， the epitaxial growth grains change from columnar crystals to a large number of polycrystalline grains. Based on the numerical simulation methods， the optimal process parameters for repairing DZ125 alloy by LPBF are determined as follows：P=200 W， V=1000 mm/s， and H=65 μm. This method helps to reduce experimental costs and accelerate the acquisition of reasonable process parameters for LPBF repair of alloys.

The hot isostatic pressing process is a usual powder Ti₂AlNb alloy preparation method to deeply study the influence of factors such as the powder-making process on the properties of Ti₂AlNb powder alloy.Ti₂AlNb pre-alloyed powders are prepared by plasma rotating electrode process and electrode induction melting gas atomization， respectively， and their mixed powders are characterized. Ti₂AlNb alloy is prepared using a hot isostatic pressing process.The effects of the powder-preparing process， porosity， and inclusion on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti₂AlNb alloy are investigated. Optimized processes are employed for the forming of various Ti₂AlNb powder metallurgy components. Experimental results show that the powder-making processes affect the durability of the powder alloy， the pore defects caused by slight capsule gas leakage significantly reduce the mechanical properties of the powder Ti₂AlNb alloy， and the inclusions obviously affect the consistency and stability of the room-temperature tensile properties of the powder alloy.

To meet the application requirement of advanced aviation engines for complex shell castings of high-strength and heat-resistant aluminum alloys， the process and mechanical properties of a new type of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Sc high-strength and heat-resistant aluminum alloy are analysed in comparison with ZL101A and ZL205A cast aluminum alloys. Design and experimental verification of the metal casting process for the complex casing of the oil pump are carried out by using the high-strength and heat-resistant aluminum alloy， and the quality of the casting products is evaluated. The results indicate that the new high-strength and heat-resistant Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Sc alloy shows better casting fluidity and hot cracking resistance than the ZL205A high-strength cast Al alloy. The qualification rate of the complex shell of its metal casting oil pump is comparable to that of the same type of shell ZL101A. The average tensile strengths at room temperature of the separated test bar of casting and test specimen from casting itself of the new alloy are higher than 420 MPa， which are significantly higher than that of ZL101A alloy， while the tensile strengths at 250 ℃ are superior to ZL205A alloy. The surface quality， internal quality， airtightness， and pressure resistant performance of the casting case all meet the design requirement of the product.

As an important component of aeroengines， the lightweight manufacturing of swirlers is of great significance for improving the service performance of engines. Lightweight， high-strength， and heat-resistant TiAl alloy is a high-temperature structural material with great application potential， but its inherent brittleness and difficulty in preparation and processing seriously limit its application in the fabrication of high-performance swirlers. Therefore， the powder injection molding （PIM） technology was used to prepare the complex thin-walled TiAl alloy swirlers in near-net shape without any machining process by combining the mold design method of water-soluble core and high conformal polyformaldehyde（POM）-based binders. The preparation processes mainly include catalytic debinding， thermal debinding， and two-step sintering. The results show that the binder with a composition of 82%（mass fraction， the same below）POM-5%high density polyethylene（HDPE）-5%ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer（EVA）-8% stearic acid（SA） has a higher powder loading and better molding filling performance. The powder loading， the flow behavior index n， the viscous flow activation energy E， and the general rheological index α _STV of the feedstock are 62%（volume fraction）， 0.56， 22.95 kJ/mol， and 9.59， respectively. The two-step sintering method under pressureless can achieve synergistic control of high relative density and fine grain. When the sintering process is set to 1430 ℃/1 h+1250 ℃/5 h， the relative density of PIM TiAl alloy reaches 96.3% with a lamellar colony size of about 100 μm. After hot isostatic pressing（HIP） treatment， nearly complete densification of the TiAl alloy is achieved， and the dimensional deviation and surface roughness R _a of the prepared swirlers are ±0.1 mm and 1.046 μm， respectively. The room-temperature tensile strength， yield strength， and elongation of the HIP TiAl alloy are 577， 466 MPa， and 0.96%， respectively.

The high-temperature thermocouple sensors were fabricated via magnetron sputtering， and the thermocouple patterns were prepared by using mask deposition， the sensing materials of thermocouples were Pt and PtRh， and the insulating layers were Al₂O₃ and SiO₂. The results show that insulating layers Al₂O₃/SiO₂ are able to ensure the electrical insulation and stability of the sensors at 1200 ℃. The precision of Pt/PtRh thermocouples reaches 200 μm， and the thermocouples can work under 1200 ℃ for 2200 min. After a 4000 min-cycling tests， the output voltage deviation is less than 1%. The thickness of whole thermocouple sensor is less than 20 μm， and can be integrated between the alloy and the thermal barrier to measure the temperature of the alloy surface. The multilayered structure exhibits stable signal output without delamination and separation during the service test.